Guatemala

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Guatemala. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Guatemala paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Guatemala, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Guatemala paper at affordable prices! The country I chose to do my report on is Guatemala. Guatemala was freed of Spanish colonial rule in 181. Around 160, Guatemala experienced a 6-year guerrilla war. In 16, the government signed a peace agreement that finally ended the conflict, which had led to the death of more than 100,000 people and had created some 1 million refugees. I will be hitting points on Guatemalas geography, their economy, and their government.

Guatemala is located in Middle America. It borders the Caribbean Sea, Honduras, Belize, the North Pacific Ocean, El Salvador and Mexico. It occupies 108,80 square km. Only 460 square km is water. Guatemala has a tropical climate. Guatemalas land is mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains. The highest point in Guatemala is Volcan Tajumulco, a volcano, at 4,11 meters. There are numerous volcanoes in mountains. Guatemala also suffers from occasional violent earthquakes. The Caribbean coast is extremely vulnerable to hurricanes and other tropical storms.

The agricultural in this country is responsible for a lot of the development. It accounts for about one-fourth of GDP, two-thirds of exports, and half of the labor force. Coffee, sugar, and bananas are the main products. Sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom, cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens are also other products.

Former President Arzu, 16-000, worked to implement a program of economic liberalization and political modernization. The signing of the peace accords in 6, which ended 6 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment. Current challenges include increasing government revenues, negotiating further assistance from international donors, and increasing the efficiency and openness of both government and private financial operations. Regardless of low international prices for Guatemalas main merchandise, the economy grew by % in 000 and .% in 001. Guatemala, along with Honduras and El Salvador, recently completed a free trade agreement with Mexico and has moved to protect international property rights.Guatemala declared independence from Spain on September 15, 181. The Government of Guatemala is quite similar to the United States. It is a constitutional democratic republic. In the Executiveanch, the president is the chief of state and the head of government. Then there is a cabinet, which is a Council of Ministers that is appointed by the president. In the Legislativeanch, the Congress of Republic is elected by popular vote and serves a four-year term. In the Judicialanch, there is a Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has thirteen members that serve "concurrent" five-year terms. They also elect a president of the Court each year. One responsibility of the President is to supervise trial judges all around the country. In the Constitutional Court, the congress elects five judges to concurrent five-year terms and each judge serves one year as the President of the Constitutional Court.

I hope that I haveoadened your knowledge about Guatemala in any way. Again, I hope you know more about the geography, their economy, and their government.

Please note that this sample paper on Guatemala is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Guatemala, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Guatemala will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Alfred Noble

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Alfred Noble. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Alfred Noble paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Alfred Noble, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Alfred Noble paper at affordable prices! The inventor of dynamite was a very important roll to take part in. The ultimate inventor of it was a mane named Alfred Nobel. Before dynamite, miners had to use nitrogen to blow holes in rock and other things. However it is too volatile and can explode incredibly easily. Alfred changed all this.

Alfred Nobel was born on October 1st 18 in Stockholm. He studied their until184 when his family moved to St. Petersburg in Russia. Since his father was an influential inventor and industrialist the family moved from country to country. Alfred gained the fluency in 5 different languages, Swedish, Russian, English, French, and German, but was always proud of his Swedish Background. In his teens his father sent him to learn chemistry in France.

He gained interest in explosive nitroglycerin. And studied until he founded the first ever nitroglycerin factory in the world, but found it was too volatile to work with, and too many miners were dying using it. He began experimenting on how to control the substance. He wanted something that could absorb the nitroglycerin and not still have the same power. He Found that a substance called Kieselguhr. This substance consisted of (diatomeus earth) marine organisms diatoms. This way the explosive could be transported easily and detonated from a safe distance. It saved laves and time. He would name it Dynamite and got a patent for it in 1867.

Online essay help on Alfred Noble Throughout his life he had poor health but was not worried about it because he expected many advances in medicine. He once experimented with his theories on blood transfusions. These attempts failed and was back on with his chemistry. From an early age Alfred had written and read quite a bit and he had very good writing skills. He wrote many poems and even a play or two only to destroy almost all of them.

By his death in 186 he had established companies in some ninety locations in twenty countries and earned over SEK 1.5 million. His will was made by himself with no legal help because he learned in the past not to like or trust lawyers. Almost all of his money was to be divided into five equal parts and distributed in the form or prizes to those who during the preceding year have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. Physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. His family had many rejections to this but it still went through.

It is sure that Alfred Nobel contributed a great deal to chemistry and the world and has a large diversity of achievements. He lived an unhealthy life only to live a healthy afterlife. Many people will benefit from the Nobel prizes including such people as Mother Theresa and Ernest Rutherford. It is a good deed and will keep the human race alive just a little longer if people are this smart.

Please note that this sample paper on Alfred Noble is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Alfred Noble, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Alfred Noble will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

The Digestive System

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Digestive System. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Digestive System paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Digestive System, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Digestive System paper at affordable prices! The Digestive System

Does anyone ever wonder what happens to food once it leaves the fork and enters the mouth? Most likely no one does but it is all very important to the body that everything works in the digestive system. From basic functions, the path and diseases of the digestive system are vital to daily life. Lets take a journey through the digestive system!

To start the digestive path, food will enter the mouth or oral cavity. Here the teeth will begin to chew the food into smaller pieces. The food is thenoken down from a solid form to a soft mushy form called bolus. The bolus then travels through the pharynx. The pharynx, or better known as the throat, is the passage for the bolus and air to travel. After leaving the pharynx the bolus then travels through the esophagus to the stomach. The stomachs main purpose is to prepare the food for the small intestine. The stomach willeak down the bolus by churning of the exterior wall and the stomach acids. The bolus, which is now called chyme will only leave the stomach when it is chemically ready. The process of digesting the food in the stomach will take one four hours depending on the food consumed. The sphincter muscle controls when the food will pass on to the small intestine. The small intestine gets its name from the smaller diameter than the large intestine. In fact, the small intestine is longer than the large intestine. The small intestine is actually six meters long. The villi, or tiny projections, will absorb nutrients into the circulatory and lymphatic system. The villi also increase the surface area by more than 600 times, thus making sure all of the nutrients are dispersed. After the chyme filters through the small intestine, it goes to the large intestine. The large intestine has four distinct parts the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the pelvic colon, which serves as a pathway to the rectum. The rectum is where all of the solid waste is received. The large intestine absorbs all of the water through its walls to make feces. After the absorption of the water, the digestive process can begin again. The feces will leave the body through the anus.

The process of digestion seems very simple and easy, but there are some individuals that have complications with digesting food. There are several diseases that affect the digestive system. Some common problems are ulcers, hemorrhoids, nausea, anorexia, constipation, and diarrhea. There are three other organs that play a role in the digestion process. The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas all help in absorbing nutrients and proper digestion. The liver produces bile, a yellowish-own substance that combines with bilirubin that gives feces itown color. The gallbladder stores the bile for later use. The bile from the gallbladder and the pancreatic juices from the pancreas will go to the duodenum toeak down the chyme. The pancreas produces insulin that will help get sugar into the cells for energy.

All of these organs together make digesting our food possible. The digestive process keeps up going daily. If it were to fail the body would lose all of its energy to move about. It is very important to eat healthy and exercise to keep this bodily function normal and well.

Please note that this sample paper on The Digestive System is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Digestive System, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Digestive System will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

renaissance music

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on renaissance music. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality renaissance music paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in renaissance music, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your renaissance music paper at affordable prices! The Structure and Style of Renaissance Music

In the Renaissance period, composers began experimenting with harmony in their work. Imitative polyphony, monophonic solo and polychoral music was the main style in the Renaissance. Imitative polyphony is when all the voices in a piece of music move at the same speed and share the development of the piece in a way that later became known as Fugue.

Polychoral music is similar to polyphony but is written for choirs, usually to be sung in church. Monophony is simply a solo piece with one line of music and, naturally, one voice.

Medieval and Renaissance styles differ in the way the music is written as well, in the order its written. Medieval composers built the music up layer upon layer, whereas Renaissance composers often preferred to write all the parts simultaneously, and blend them together rather than contrast them.Professional writers help on renaissance music essays There is a lot of emphasis on texture in polyphony music. Specific instruments were chosen because they had a certain texture in their sound and the composer would use that texture to compliment other textures within the piece.

Renaissance Instruments

The Renaissance saw many new instruments as well as old ones remaining popular. Different composers preferred to write for different instruments predominantly, but the basic availability remained pretty much the same. These are the main instruments that were used in Renaissance music

The Lute

The lute is the ancestor of the modern day guitar. It held the highest respect of all instruments during the Renaissance, both as an accompaniment and as a solo instrument. It could be played with a plectrum but the best lutenists used only their fingers, giving a very distinctive, very expressive sound.

Although the greatest repertoire for the lute is from England, the finest lutes came from Italy. The delicacy of the sound is reflected in the light construction of the instrument. The pear shaped body was usually made of pine, often less than an eighth on an inch thick. In the centre of the body at the front was a sound hole or rose, often ornately carved. The neck of the lute was made from yew or cedar and the eleven (or sometimes more) strings were of light gauge because the neck could not withstand any thicker at high tension.

The lute was a loud instrument, played mostly in the courts of the wealthy and also royalty. It went out of tune easily, and was eventually replaced during the Baroque period by various keyboard instruments which could more easily accommodate the new virtuoso solo and continuo style of that era.

The Viol

Viols were bowed instruments with frets. They were played downwards towards the lap or between the legs like a modern cello. The nasal qualities of its sound made it slightly too restrained for dances, where it was sometimes used but not often. It was, however, ideal for Renaissance polyphony, where the clarity of texture in the music is so important.

Before the mid-16th century, viols had been played mostly by court musicians but towards the beginning of the 17th century they were being played by many amateurs as well. By this time, like madrigal singing, viol playing had become very much a part of music making in the Elizabethan home. Viols were still very popular in England long after they had been replaced by the violin on the continent.

The body of the viol was, like the lute, lightly constructed and the six strings were under quite low tension. There were numerous sizes, including the treble, alto, small tenor, tenor and the bass. The viols bow had a distinct convex bend, as opposed to the violins concave bend, and it was held in an underhand grip, with the players palm facing upwards.

The Shawm

Unlike the Medieval shawm, the Renaissance shawm uses aoad cane reed. In smaller shawms the reed was inside a pirouette (a funnel shaped protector). Shawms had several finger holes and vent holes near the bell. The lowest notes had key mechanisms but the rest were fingered like a recorder or pipe. Shawms were played mostly in courtyards.

The Pipe and Tabor

The idea of the pipe and tabor was that one player could accompany himself, making it ideal for dances or background music for courtyard entertainers. The pipe is a simple instrument with usually only three finger holes (for the index finger, middle finger and thumb). It was narrow to facilitate overblowing, and had a ridge around the bottom to help the player support it in just one hand.

The tabor was a basic double-headed drum, slung over the players shoulder with a leather strap. It was usually played with a drumstick, although sometimes played with a bare hand.

The Psaltery

The psaltery was a very old instrument from medieval times. Early versions were simply a wooden board with gut strings stretched between pegs, and later versions had sound holes, a hollow box and metal strings.

The player performed with the instrument usually in front of him on his lap or on a table, or in front of the chest on a strap around his neck. It was played either with the fingernails or, more often, with a pair of quills of plectra, one in each hand.

The psaltery had no specific repertory, and was very widely used until the early 16th century but towards the end of the Renaissance was being used less and less. The psaltery eventually evolved into the harpsichord.

The Crumhorn

The crumhorn was a double-reeded instrument developed in the early 15th century. It was a wooden instrument, curved at the end. It had a cap with a slot enclosing the reed. The sound the instrument gave was a reedy, distinctly nasal tone, but soft.

Crumhorns, like many instruments, came in various different sizes. Alto, tenor, bass and great bass were the main ones. A four-part consort consisted of an alto crumhorn, two tenors and a bass.

Despite its strange shape and the amusing reaction of listeners when the instrument is played poorly, the crumhorn played a serious role in all kinds of Renaissance music ranging from dances and madrigals to church music.

As early as 1500 crumhorns were used to accompany two masses performed for the wedding of Duke Johan and Sophia of Mecklenburg. King Henry VIII of England owned twenty-five crumhorns, so its likely that they would have been played at his court.

Hurdy-gurdy

The hurdy-gurdy was the first stringed instrument to which the keyboard principle was applied. The French name viella a roue means wheel fiddle, which was how the sound was produced.

The bowing of a fiddle was replaced by a circular wheel bow coated in resin. When the crank is spun, the wheel turns and the gut strings viate.

The hurdy-gurdy was ideal for dance and some versions were played by two performers; one to crank, and one to push the keys. Shorter, later instruments only required a single player. Some were oblong in shape but others had a large body with a shape similar to that of a viol.

Recorders

The principle of the recorder seems as old as mankind, having dated back to as early as the 11th century. The instruments essential features were the lip (cut near to the top of the body), the fipple (a block of wood inserted in the end to be blown), and the windway (a narrow channel along the fipple which air is blown against the edge of the lip to produce sound).

It is difficult to document the recorders early history due to the inability to identify what is and what is not a recorder in medieval art. Renaissance recorders dont differ very much from medieval ones although they do have a smaller range than Baroque recorders.

The sound is soft, full and rich in texture, making recorders suitable for monophonic solo pieces and very good for Renaissance polyphony as well. They were made from maple usually and, like viols and crumhorns, came in various different sizes. Soprano, alto, tenor, bas and great bass were the most common although the great bass was used significantly less than the others were.

The Sackbut

Many names have been given to the renaissance trombone including saqueboute, shakbusshes, seykebuds, sakbuds, shakebuttes, shagbutts and even shagbolts but the most frequently used is sackbut. The word sackbut literally means push-pull which is exactly how the instrument was played.

It is uncertain when the sackbut first appeared, but by the early 16th century it is illustrated and mentioned regularly in detail. It was used both outdoors and in church and was usually accompanied by a shawm or a cornett.

Four sizes were used mainly; alto, tenor, bass and great bass. The sackbut differs from todays trombone by the much less flared bell, they were of smaller bore, had no slide lock, water key or tuning slide. It wasnt accepted completely as an orchestral instrument until the early Baroque period.

Renaissance Composers

There were many composers in the Renaissance era, significantly more than in the medieval period and increasing towards the end of the era. Such composers include Jacques Arcadelt (1505-1568); Claude Le Jeune (150-1600); William Byrd (154-16); Giovanni Gaieli (1554-161); Thomas Morley (1557-160); Guillame Dufay (1400-1474); Antione Busnoys (140-14) and Josquin Des Prez (1440-151). Most Renaissance composers came from Italy or The Netherlands, but a large number also came from England.

John Bull

John Bull (151-168) was a famous English composer and keyboard player, one of the leading virginals and organ players of his time. It is thought that he was born in Radnorshire in Wales in 156. He became a chorister at Hereford Cathedral in 157 but was soon taken into the Chapel Royal Choir. Between 158 and 158 he had duties as an organist and master of choristers at Hereford as well as in London, where he was the Queens Organist.

Both Camidge and Oxford universities awarded him doctorates in music. After being given the post of Public Reader in Music at Gresham College (London), Bull was involved in several scandals and failures in business, including organ building.

In 161, Bull, along with William Byrd and Orlando Gibbons, published Parthenia, the first printed book of music for the virginals. He was eventually driven out of England with charges of adultery and he found employment as an instrument builder in the Netherlands.

Bull died in 168. He was buried at Antwerp Cathedral, where he had previously been organist.

Most of his surviving compositions are dance pieces for the keyboard but he also wrote a set of 10 canons for keyboard, which are regarded as some of the finest examples of canonic writing of the era.

Please note that this sample paper on renaissance music is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on renaissance music, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on renaissance music will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

1984

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on 1984. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality 1984 paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in 1984, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your 1984 paper at affordable prices! The Dangers of Totalitarianism - 184 is a political novel written with the purpose of warning readers in the West of the dangers of totalitarian government. Having witnessed firsthand the horrific lengths to which totalitarian governments in Spain and Russia would go in order to sustain and increase their power, Orwell designed 184 to sound the alarm in Western nations still unsure about how to approach the rise of communism. In 14, the Cold War had not yet escalated, many American intellectuals supported communism, and the state of diplomacy between democratic and communist nations was highly ambiguous. In the American press, the Soviet Union was often portrayed as a great moral experiment. Orwell, however, was deeply disturbed by the widespread cruelties and oppressions he observed in communist countries, and seems to have been particularly concerned by the role of technology in enabling oppressive governments to monitor and control their citizens.

In 184, Orwell portrays the perfect totalitarian society, the most extreme realization imaginable of a modern-day government with absolute power. The title of the novel was meant to indicate to its readers in 14 that the story represented a real possibility for the near future if totalitarianism were not opposed, the title suggested, some variation of the world described in the novel could become a reality in only thirty-five years. Orwell portrays a state in which government monitors and controls every aspect of human life to the extent that even having a disloyal thought is against the law. As the novel progresses, the timidly rebellious Winston Smith sets out to challenge the limits of the Partys power, only to discover that its ability to control and enslave its subjects dwarfs even his most paranoid conceptions of its reach. As the reader comes to understand through Winstons eyes, The Party uses a number of techniques to control its citizens, each of which is an important theme of its own in the novel. These include

Psychological Manipulation - The Party barrages its subjects with psychological stimuli designed to overwhelm the minds capacity for independent thought. The giant telescreen in every citizens room blasts a constant stream of propaganda designed to make the failures and shortcomings of the Party appear to be triumphant successes. The telescreens also monitor behavior�everywhere they go, citizens are continuously reminded, especially by means of the omnipresent signs reading BIGOTHER IS WATCHING YOU, that the authorities are scrutinizing them. The Party undermines family structure by inducting children into an organization called the Junior Spies, whichainwashes and encourages them to spy on their parents and report any instance of disloyalty to the Party. The Party also forces individuals to suppress their sexual desires, treating sex as merely a procreative duty whose end is the creation of new Party members. The Party then channels peoples pent-up frustration and emotion into intense, ferocious displays of hatred against the Partys political enemies. Many of these enemies have been invented by the Party expressly for this purpose.

Physical Control - In addition to manipulating their minds, the Party also controls the bodies of its subjects. The Party constantly watches for any sign of disloyalty, to the point that, as Winston observes, even a tiny facial twitch could lead to an arrest. A persons own nervous system becomes his greatest enemy. The Party forces its members to undergo mass morning-exercises called the Physical Jerks, and then to work long, grueling days at government agencies, keeping people in a general state of exhaustion. Anyone who does manage to defy the Party is punished and reeducated through systematic andutal torture. After being subjected to weeks of this intense treatment, Winston himself comes to the conclusion that nothing is more powerful than physical pain�no emotional loyalty or moral conviction can overcome it. By conditioning the minds of their victims with physical torture, the Party is able to control reality, convincing its subjects that + = 5.Control of Information and History - The Party controls every source of information, managing and rewriting the content of all newspapers and histories for its own ends. The Party does not allow individuals to keep records of their past, such as photographs or documents. As a result, memories become fuzzy and unreliable, and citizens become perfectly willing to believe whatever the Party tells them. By controlling the present, the Party is able to manipulate the past. And in controlling the past, the Party can justify all of its actions in the present.

Technology - By means of telescreens and hidden microphones across the city, the Party is able to monitor its members almost all of the time. Additionally, the Party employs complicated mechanisms (184 was written in the era before computers) to exert large-scale control on economic production and sources of information, and fearsome machinery to inflict torture upon those it deems enemies. 184 reveals that technology, which is generally perceived as working toward moral good, can also facilitate the most diabolical evil.

Language as Mind Control - One of Orwells most important messages in 184 is that language is of central importance to human thought because it structures and limits the ideas that individuals are capable of formulating and expressing. If control of language were centralized in a political agency, Orwell proposes, such an agency could possibly alter the very structure of language to make it impossible to even conceive of disobedient or rebellious thoughts, because there would be no words with which to think them. This idea manifests itself in the language of Newspeak, which the Party has introduced to replace English. The Party is constantly refining and perfecting Newspeak, with the ultimate goal that no one will be capable of conceptualizing anything that might question the Partys absolute power.

Interestingly, many of Orwells ideas about language as a controlling force have been modified by writers and critics seeking to deal with the legacy of colonialism. During colonial times, foreign powers took political and military control of distant regions and, as a part of their occupation, instituted their own language as the language of government and business. Postcolonial writers often analyze or redress the damage done to local populations by the loss of language and the attendant loss of culture and historical connection.

Animal Farm

The Corruption of Socialist Ideals in the Soviet Union Animal Farm is most famous in the West as a stinging critique of the history and rhetoric of the Russian Revolution. Retelling the story of the emergence and development of Soviet communism in the form of an animal fable, Animal Farm allegorizes the rise to power of the dictator Joseph Stalin. In the novella, the overthrow of the human oppressor Mr. Jones by a democratic coalition of animals quickly gives way to the consolidation of power among the pigs. Much like the Soviet intelligentsia, the pigs establish themselves as the ruling class in the new society.

The struggle for preeminence between Leon Trotsky and Stalin emerges in the rivalry between the pigs Snowball and Napoleon. In both the historical and fictional cases, the idealistic but politically less powerful figure (Trotsky and Snowball) is expelled from the revolutionary state by the malicious and violent usurper of power (Stalin and Napoleon). The purges and show trials with which Stalin eliminated his enemies and solidified his political base find expression in Animal Farm as the false confessions and executions of animals whom Napoleon distrusts following the collapse of the windmill. Stalins tyrannical rule and eventual abandonment of the founding principles of the Russian Revolution are represented by the pigs turn to violent government and the adoption of human traits and behaviors, the trappings of their original oppressors.

Although Orwell believed strongly in socialist ideals, he felt that the Soviet Union realized these ideals in a terribly perverse form. His novella creates its most powerful ironies in the moments in which Orwell depicts the corruption of Animalist ideals by those in power. For Animal Farm serves not so much to condemn tyranny or despotism as to indict the horrifying hypocrisy of tyrannies that base themselves on, and owe their initial power to, ideologies of liberation and equality. The gradual disintegration and perversion of the Seven Commandments illustrates this hypocrisy with vivid force, as do Squealers elaborate philosophical justifications for the pigs blatantly unprincipled actions. Thus, the novella critiques the violence of the Stalinist regime against the human beings it ruled, and also points to Soviet communisms violence against human logic, language, and ideals.

The Societal Tendency toward Class Stratification Animal Farm offers commentary on the development of class tyranny and the human tendency to maintain and reestablish class structures even in societies that allegedly stand for total equality. The novella illustrates how classes that are initially unified in the face of a common enemy, as the animals are against the humans, may become internally divided when that enemy is eliminated. The expulsion of Mr. Jones creates a power vacuum, and it is only so long before the next oppressor assumes totalitarian control. The natural division between intellectual and physical labor quickly comes to express itself as a new set of class divisions, with theainworkers (as the pigs claim to be) using their superior intelligence to manipulate society to their own benefit. Orwell never clarifies in Animal Farm whether this negative state of affairs constitutes an inherent aspect of society or merely an outcome contingent on the integrity of a societys intelligentsia. In either case, the novella points to the force of this tendency toward class stratification in many communities and the threat that it poses to democracy and freedom.

The Danger of a Naive Working Class - One of the novellas most impressive accomplishments is its portrayal not just of the figures in power but also of the oppressed people themselves. Animal Farm is not told from the perspective of any particular character, though occasionally it does slip into Clovers consciousness. Rather, the story is told from the perspective of the common animals as a whole. Gullible, loyal, and hardworking, these animals give Orwell a chance to sketch how situations of oppression arise not only from the motives and tactics of the oppressors but also from the naïvetof the oppressed, who are not necessarily in a position to be better educated or informed. When presented with a dilemma, Boxer prefers not to puzzle out the implications of various possible actions but instead to repeat to himself, Napoleon is always right. Animal Farm demonstrates how the inability or unwillingness to question authority condemns the working class to suffer the full extent of the ruling classs oppression.

The Abuse of Language as Instrumental to the Abuse of Power - One of Orwells central concerns, both in Animal Farm and in 184, is the way in which language can be manipulated as an instrument of control. In Animal Farm the pigs gradually twist and distort a rhetoric of socialist revolution to justify their behavior and to keep the other animals in the dark. The animals heartily emace Old Majors visionary ideal of socialism, but after Old Major dies, the pigs gradually twist the meaning of his words. As a result, the other animals seem unable to oppose the pigs without also opposing the ideals of the Rebellion. By the end of the novella, after Squealers repeated reconfigurations of the Seven Commandments in order to decriminalize the pigs treacheries, the main principle of the farm can be openly stated as ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL, BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS. This outrageous abuse of the word equal and of the ideal of equality in general typifies the pigs method, which becomes increasingly audacious as the novel progresses. Orwells sophisticated exposure of this abuse of language remains one of the most compelling and enduring features of Animal Farm, worthy of close study even after we have decoded its allegorical characters and events.

Please note that this sample paper on 1984 is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on 1984, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on 1984 will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

critical essay

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Marion Rogers, Author of "Water Stories", successfully used the method of several short stories, one or two paragraphs each, separated by specific dates and places, to get her main point across. Using this method, she was able to weave together completely different experiences in one essay by choosing one theme, and linking all of the stories to this one constant. By using the opening introduction "Water is as much a part of me as the stories I tell," she lets the reader know the main theme, and the way she is going to present it.

Rogers organizes her life stories, and chronologically dates them by the body of water she lived near and was affected by. She packs each paragraph with critical detail, such as this entry in the paragraph entitled 14-A Nameless Creek Near Amity, Oregon- "In the winter the water was high enough to pool under the wood shed. I poked pieces ofead through the knot holes to the ducks that swam under the floor."

The short excerpts of her life are so different, she could have chosen to write a book, but by organizing her work into several concise paragraphs and linking them with one theme, she was able to fit them into one essay.

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Rogersoke up her essay, and made it interesting by her choice of experiences to tell in each separate paragraph. Some instances are funny, such as the one in 165-"While I was away, my roommate took the Rose Festival committees advice seriously about making the sailors feel at home." Some are disturbing 148 �"I heard him crying in the night, telling my mother about the body of a young woman and her unborn child that he had tried toeathe life back into." Then there is the wistful one 170- "I took my toddlers down under the trees and let them play in the water. The air was cool and still, and the water played its own quiet music."

There is panic 187-"When only her mouth and nose remained out of water, she grabbed onto a sweater that belonged to me as it floated by, and she resigned herself to death." And peace 180-"… I slipped out the back door to check on them. At the edge of the yard, I could see them in the moonlight running across the field with the horses and dogs. They were black, silent figures on a white, quiet world. The only sound was theeathing and movement of the horses. Awake, I witnessed a dream."

She reinforces her main point by organizing her last paragraph with a pointed sentence that reiterates her introduction "I know wherever I go that there will be water, and stories to tell."

Rogers did a good job ofinging all of these different, spread out experiences together in one paper. I found her presentation very interesting. I would like to pick a subject and write a paper with this type of organization, I think it would be a good thing for every writer to try.

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