tragedy and comedy

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on tragedy and comedy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality tragedy and comedy paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in tragedy and comedy, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your tragedy and comedy paper at affordable prices! tragedy is a literary work in which the portagonist meets a disastrous end; depicts actions of central character who is heroic; main heroought to final downfall by error in judgement, flaw in charadter or fate. in general in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end. unlike comedy, tragedy depicts the actions of a central character who is usually dignified or heroic. through a series of events, this main character or tragic hero, isought to a final downfall. the causes of a tragic heros downfall vary. in traditional dramas, the cause can be fate, a flaw in character, or an error in judgement. in modern dramas where the tragic hero is often an ordinary individual, the causes range from moral or psychological weakness to the evils of scoeity. the tragic hero, through defeated usually gains a measure of wisdom or self awareness.

comedy is a literary work that ends happily with a healthy connection between the protagonist and society; protagonist of a comedyh is mediocre; it involves wit and humor. comedy is discerned from tragedy, which is generally concerned with a protagonist who meets an unhappy or disastrous end. also, the comic protagonist mayh be a person of ordinary character and ability and need not achieve the heroic stature of the protagonist in a tragedy. comedies are often concerned at least in part with exposing human folly and frequently depict the overthrow of rigid social fashions and customs. with, humor, and a sense of festivity are found in many comedies.

Please note that this sample paper on tragedy and comedy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on tragedy and comedy, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on tragedy and comedy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Global Community

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Global Community. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Global Community paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Global Community, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Global Community paper at affordable prices! As the meaning and effects of globalization become more and more widespread, people across the world have formed grassroots organizations. These organizations protest the negative effects encouraged by globalization and try to form worldwide acknowledgement of a particular problem. This paper discusses some disadvantages of globalization and which have prompted people to protest. It will then examine at a closer level two protested issues, labor injustice and wealth inequality. Finally, conclusions on the prospect of globalization in the future will be reached.

Globalization includes the global exchange of capital, labor, information, politics, technology, and culture, all which have formed an integrated "global" world. But growing disparity, corporate power, and environmental destruction has overshadowed the hope for a global civil society, a global community. Ordinary people have become increasingly aware of these problems (due in part to globalization itself and the spread of instantaneous information) and protest movements have sprouted. Although many are unorganized and address a single issue, grassroots organizations protests have had a surprisingly influence on the institutions they protest, including the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The World Trade Organizations meeting in Seattle of November 1, for example, "saw the birth, and to date, the high point of this new mode of activism," where protesters aimed to "shut down, or at least badly disrupt, the meetings of the global elite" (Angry and Effective, ). Protestors have greater aims than simply disrupting the work of international organizations; they wish toing attention to a variety of issues. The major issues of globalization that have prompted people to protest are environmental destruction, human rights standards, labor injustices, and the growth of multinational corporations. Specific problems within these issues include industrialized countries exploit the resources of developing countries, corporations exploit underprivileged people in labor, the outsourcing of jobs, and corporations transforming culture and consumerism. Other issues that prompt protests are animal rights, the distribution of wealth (inequality), and the loss of culture and tradition. While each of these issues, no matter how few or many protest them, hold importance, some are more convincing reasons for protest than others.

The vast disparity in wealth between the upper class and the impoverished, and developed countries and developing is staggering. As globalization has continued, multinational corporations, foreign investors, and citizens of more powerful nations have entered a time of great prosperity and a high standard of living, much at the expense of the third world. Much of globalization has become an "affair of the industrial North…destroying local cultures, widening world inequalities and worsening the lot of the impoverished, the majority condemned to a life of misery and despair" (Giddens, ). Although this is a rather pessimistic view of globalization, statistics prove the daunting truth of disparity "The UN Development Program reports that the richest 0% of the worlds population consume 86% of the worlds resources while the poorest 80% consume just 14%." (Top Ten Reasons, ). One of the main reasons for the growing disparity is that more powerful countries already have more wealth and thus an upper hand in "free" trade and many other aspects of globalization- "Globalization might actually be good for poor countries, if only rich countries played by the rules" (Beatty, 1). Free trade has in many ways become harmful to developing countries that are prohibited from following the same policies that developed countries once pursued, such as protecting domestic industries until they can be internationally competitive. From 160 to 18, the most recent period of rapid growth in global trade and investment, inequality worsened internationally and within countries, as foreign investors moved production to where labor is cheapest and environmental costs are low. Clearly, inequality is an immense problem, perhaps worsened by globalization, that begs for a solution.

Unfortunately, protests against wealth inequality itself arent very convincing. Inequality is not a specific enough topic- there is no one solution that can drastically solve the disparities we see because this problem is caused by so many different issues, only one of which is the irony of "free" trade. Moreover, inequality is inevitable in any society, and can never be fully removed. Even if a global civil society could occur and the gap between the rich and the poor was lessened, "haves" and the "have-nots" would still exist. Inequality is inherent, much a result of the inevitable power struggle in any society. Thus, wealth inequality can never be wholly removed. Although it is a staggering problem that desperately needs solution, protests against inequality itself are futile- only support for gradual steps that will lead to a more equal society can prove convincing.

College papers on Global Community

One of these issues is labor injustice. By improving labor standards, labor organization, and labor practices, a block is added in the formation of the steps toward a more equal world. Labor injustice culminates in third world countries but exists in the United States and other world powers as well. In a Race to the Bottom, investors and corporations become "flying geese," (Section 0 Nov. 00) continually moving from country to country in search of the cheapest labor and most lenient government policies on environment and labor. Thousands of jobs in America alone have been lost to foreign competition and new technology, and the restructuring of businesses have forced blue-collar, relatively low-wage factory and manufacturing jobs to find new, more specialized work (Video, Philadelphia Story). The problem is much more serious in developing countries. Labor injustice in these countries is a backlash against globalization, workers have not benefited from globalization, instead, they have lost. Women of the maquiladoras in Mexico, workers in the sweatshops in Indonesia, and the farmers of Africa have all experienced labor injustice, including incredibly low wages, poor working conditions, harassment at work, long hours, and the threat of losing a job if a labor union or protest is formed. Labor injustice has become so ironically sickening that in some cases, like in the sweatshops in Indonesia, workers dont want Americans to protest or boycott their employers, for fear of losing their jobs (Video, The Seattle Syndrome). Even companies that claim to help third world workers have been accused of exploitation. For instance, The Body Shop, a company formed on "green consumerism," claiming to protect the environment, has been accused of using the Kayapo Indians ofazil as a marketing strategy. The Body Shops use ofazilian organic products has only created resentment and internal divisions within the Kayapo community (London Greenpeace, ).

The impact of free trade and globalization on labor rights has been overlooked. Countries that consistently violate international labor conventions disadvantage countries that enforce labor rights. Although labor and human rights abuses are explicit, developing countries argue that labor standards constitute a barrier to free trade for countries whose competitive advantage is cheap labor. The WTO has even ruled that it is illegal for a government to ban a product based on the way it is produced and that governments cannot take into account non-commercial values, such as human rights and the behavior of companies, when making purchase decisions (Top Ten Reasons, 1). Labor injustice is an indisputable problem that exists in many different forms in many different regions across the world. It is a convincing issue to protest because it has realistic and tangible solutions unlike the vagueoadness of inequality. By addressing labor problems, a step is made in a positive direction to solving other larger issues.

It seems that with the growing number of protests and the increasing awareness of global issues that the road to a more prosperous and peaceful world is coming into view. In reality, it will be a long and gradual process, and a goal of a complete global civil society, or of an equal world without conflict is probably unattainable. We can hope for a series of progressive reforms towards positive globalization, perhaps beginning with smaller steps like eliminating labor injustice. Each step, however, will be difficult. Labor, for instance, raises a number of questions If we accept that conditions of workers are not as they should be, what can we do? Should we create a global labor standard, leveling the playing field for businesses in all countries? What are the rights of labor in a globalized economy when labor cannot move as easily as capital? (Section 0 Nov. 00).

The ideology that can spur a movement towards a peaceful, prosperous globalization is the cosmopolitan vision. Cosmopolitans believe that "political boundaries have no particular significance," that "moral claims," or the rights of all human beings, are universally shared (VanKlinken, ). Most importantly, the cosmopolitan view has led to a "universal political ethic" (VanKlinken, ), through which each person can accept his/her own and others multiple identities based on ethnicity, region, race, and nation, but is part of a global citizenship as well.

None of us can predict the future, and none of us can single-handedly solve the negative effects of globalization and our evolving society. By adopting a cosmopolitan viewpoint and gradually reforming step by step, lofty goals of equality can be reached. Hopefully, each of us will eventually identify ourselves as a global citizen of a peaceful and prosperous planet.

Please note that this sample paper on Global Community is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Global Community, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Global Community will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Amphibians

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Amphibians. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Amphibians paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Amphibians, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Amphibians paper at affordable prices! Index

1. What is an amphibian?

1.1 What is an ectotherm?

1. Diversity1..1 Anura

1.. Caudata

1.. Apoda

. What is an amphibian like?

.1 Structure

. Appearance

. How does an amphibian live?

.1 Feeding Process

. Reproduction

. Adaptations

..1 Respiration

..1.1 Obligate Aerobes

..1. Obligate Anaerobes

.. Endospores

4. Importance

4.1 Ecological

4. Economical

Amphibians

What is an amphibian?

The word amphibian comes from the Greek word amphibios which means two lives amphibians have a larval stage and an adult stage that are usually very different from each other. They are verteates, have thin, moist skin and four legs. They have no claws under toes. Nearly all of them rely on water for reproduction.

What is an ecotherm?

Amphibians are most common in regions that have warm temperatures all year because they are ecotherms. An ecotherm is an animal in which the body temperature changes with the temperature of its surroundings.

During such times, many amphibians burrow into the mud and stay there until suitable conditions return.

Amphibians diversity

They are classified and divided in groups

• Anura frogs and toads belong to this group, they are amphibians without tail. All adult frogs and toads eat insects. Some frogs and toads produce toxins, they can kill predators; they also have vocal cords that are capable of producing a wide range of sounds. They spent part of their life cycle in water and part on land.

• Caudata salamanders belong to this order. A salamander has long, slender body with a neck and tail. They resemble lizards but have smooth, moist skin and lack claws. They range in size from a few centimeters up to a size of 1.5 meters. Some are aquatic, and others live in damp places on land.

• Apoda Caecilians are limbless amphibians. Caecilians are amphibians that have no limbs, with a short, or no, tail. Caecilians are primarily tropical animals with small eyes that are often blind. They eat earthworms and other inverteates found in the soil.

Metamorphosis

Most amphibians go through the process of metamorphosis. Fertilized eggs hatch into tadpoles, the aquatic stage of most amphibians. Tadpoles possess fins, grills, and a two-chambered heart. As tadpoles grow into adult frogs and toads, they develop legs, lungs, and a three-chambered heart.

Young salamanders resemble adults, but they have grills and usually have a tail fin. Most adult salamanders insteadeathe through their moist skin, or with lungs.

Appearance

• Physical Characteristics.

- Most amphibians begin their lives as a larva, an immature form that has a significantly different body plan than that of an adult of the species.

- Adult amphibians typically have body structures that enable them to move about on land as well as in the water.

- Zoologists believe that adult frogs and toads do not have tails because they would be a hindrance in jumping.

• Skin.

Always hairless and rarely scaled, amphibian skin provides the animals with protective coloring, a way to absorb water and oxygen from their environments, and a defense against arid conditions and hungry predators.

Amphibians use their permeable skin to obtain both oxygen and water from their environment.

Amphibian skin also contains glands that secrete a slimy mucous layer to protect the skin from drying out and help draw in oxygen through the skin.

Internal Anatomy

Amphibian internal anatomy is similar to that of other verteates. Adult amphibians typically have lungs, rather than gills, foreathing oxygen, but some water-dwelling species have both lungs and gills, and others obtain all the oxygen they need to survive through their permeable skin.

Amphibians are cold-blooded, or more correctly, ecotherms�that is, they are not able to generate their own body heat. Instead, their body temperature is determined by their surroundings.

Nervous System

An amphibian has aain and nervous system. It has two eyes, with a third extra protective eyelid for when it is on land.

-Central nervous system

Cereal hemispheres ofain are primarily olfactory centers

10 pairs of cranial nerves (vs. 1 in higher verteates)

-Autonomic nervous system

Simpler than higher verteates but same pattern

Nerves control other systems

Sense Organs

Amphibians rely on their senses to find food and evade predators. Amphibians lack external ears but have well-developed internal ears. Hearing is most acute in frogs, which typically have a middle ear cavity for transferring sound viations from the eardrum, or tympanum, to the inner ear. Frogs and toads also use their keen hearing in communicating with one another. Other sense organs include lateral line system, cutaneous receptor, as well as eyes and chemical receptors.

Hearing and Vocalizations

Amphibians lack external ears but have well-developed internal ears. Hearing is most acute in frogs, which typically have a middle ear cavity for transferring sound viations from the eardrum, or tympanum, to the inner ear. Frogs and toads also use their keen hearing in communicating with one another. Using a true voice box, or larynx, Frogs and toads also use their keen hearing in communicating with one another using a true voice box or larynx.

Frogs have an expandable vocal sac attached to the throat which is used to increase the volume of their calls, which they use in mating and territorial disputes.

Vision

Vision is also critical for some amphibians. Frogs have bulging eyes that protrude from either side of their head, enabling them to watch for danger and search for prey in nearly every direction. Caecilians, which live underground, are the only amphibians that are blind. Caecilians are equipped with eyes, but these are covered by skin and sometimes by bone.

Behavior

Much of an amphibians lifestyle is dictated by the necessity of keeping its skin moist and preventing its body temperature from becoming too hot or too cold. Some species bask in the sun in order to raise their body temperature. In hotter climates, many adult amphibians are active at night rather than in the day to avoid excessive heat and guard against water loss. During the daylight hours, these amphibians shelter in moist sites beneath rocks or logs, or in burrows or cracks in the earth.

Defense Mechanism

Their soft skin and lack of claws with which to defend themselves leave amphibians particularly vulnerable to their many predators, which include a host of small mammals, birds, lizards, snakes, turtles, and even larger amphibians. When facing a predator, many amphibians pretend to be dead. Other amphibians rely on toxins in their skin to give them a bad taste or make them poisonous to predators. To warn predators of their poisonous glands, these amphibians often areightly colored or able to change their color in the face of danger.

Circulatory System

The evolution of the three-chambered heart in amphibians ensured that cells received the proper amount of oxygen. This heart was an important evolutionary transition from the simple circulatory system of fishes. In the three-chambered heart, one chamber receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and skin, and another receives oxygen poor blood from the body tissues. Blood from both chambers then moves to the lungs and skin so it can pick up more oxygen.

This results in some mixing of some oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood in the amphibian heart and in blood vessels leading away from the heart. Thus, in amphibians, the skin is much more important than the lungs as an organ for gas exchange.

Digestive Track

The amphibian digestive system consists of a mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestine, which opens into a chamber at their posterior called the cloaca. Digestive wastes are processed by the kidneys, excreted into the cloaca, then expelled from the body through a muscular opening in the cloaca. This opening is also where eggs and sperm exit the body.

Skeleton

An amphibian has an inner skeleton with a backbone. It has webbed feet, but no claws. They have attached limbs at the shoulders and hips. With the frog and toad, the front legs are shorter and weaker and the rear legs much stronger for leaping.

How do they move?

During the first stages of its life amphibians they use their tail to swim and move trough its environment, later legs will grow and they will use them to jump on land and swim.

Frogs have the rear legs are much larger and stronger than the front legs for leaping.

Biology, Dynamics of Life Pages 88-8

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World war 2

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on World war 2. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality World war 2 paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in World war 2, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your World war 2 paper at affordable prices! War is one of the most tragic things in our world today. It is even sadder that usually it comes around at least once in our lifetime. In the 0th century alone we have already had two huge wars. These wars were called World Wars mainly because they involved most of the big time countries of the world. Many people have died in these wars.. especially the second World War . That is my main focus the World War ....

I believe that Adolf Hitler was one of the greatest causes of World War . Although there are many other reasons, he was definitely one of them. Another reason was the Treaty of Versailles. This was the treaty that was signed at the end of World War 1. World War was huge and involved a lot of countries. There were thousands or battlefronts and war sites. The two main battlefronts were the battlefront betweenitain and Germany and the battlefront between the Japanese and the Americans.

One of the greatest outcomes of the war was the great world power shift. For more then a century Greatitain had been the wealthiest and most powerful nation in the world. But they used up too many resources in the wars and their status greatly decreased. People all over the world suffered through this war. Hundreds of thousands of people died. All for the sake of their countries, and you know whats funny No one actually gained anything from it. The fact is that all of the countries not including the U.S. lost much, much more than what they gained.itain lost their power, France lost lives and land, Germany lost everything and Japan lost thousands of civilians in their suicidal attacks called Kamikazes.

In my opinion the war was a total waste. Although some people will tell you that we fought and gained the peace that we have today and have had for almost fifty years. People fought for 5 years and lost more than 50 billion dollars. Maybe if the governments use the past as a guide to the future we wont have to fight such a bloody battle ever again. Esoecially with nuclear weapons so easy to get now in days.

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Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget paper at affordable prices! Jennifer Parker

Adv. Reporting Exam

8 May 00

Interview with Wilson County Manager Ellis Williford

Online writing services offer help on Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget On the topic of Gov. Mike Easley withholding funds from Wilson County

Conducted on May 7, 00

Due to the recent recession, the economy is facing hard financial times. While the government is doing everything possible to correct the situation, some state leaders are turning to what may seem like their only option budget cuts. One of the leaders is Mike Easley, governor of North Carolina.

Easley withheld half of the normal funding to North Carolina when the budget for the fiscal year of 001-00 was being determined. He eventually reinstated the funds last August, but this year, funds will be cut by half again and probably will not be reinstated, according to Wilson County Manager Ellis Williford.

Williford, who has been county manager for nine years, has the responsibility of helping with the development and presentation of the local budget, overseeing the operations of all county departments within Wilson, and administering any policies adopted by the Board of Commissioners. He is very familiar with the policies and procedures of managing money in the county.

"One of the major sources of income is the reimbursement for the wholesalers inventory tax," said Williford. "The tax was done away with because it wasnt really benefiting the state. We get reimbursed for that tax, but this year it is being withheld."

Easleys new budget plan will cut four percent from funding to every program in Wilson, including community colleges, sanitation services, and water treatment facilities. Williford said the total amount of money being withheld is $844,000.

An obvious effect of a budget cut is the decrease of jobs. In Wilson alone, 76 jobs will be cut 51 within the school system and 5 in various other departments. Wilson Technical Community College will have to cut back on personnel and the number of classes offered. Fortunately, there will not be too many big business layoffs, said Williford.

"Schools have really benefited from funding during the past few years," Williford said. "Without those funds, education will suffer. Wilson Community College may not even be able to offer classes in the future."

Every program statewide will be affected without proper funding, even non-profit organizations. Most of the funding is used for travel and supplies, including ambulances, police cars, and fire trucks. Without this money, it is impossible for Wilson to make purchases or repairs.

"We certainly hope that an ambulance doesnteak down while carrying a patient," Williford said. "But you never know what will happen."

Not only will counties be affected by the budget cut, but also will the state as a whole. Many county agencies work with and are supported by larger state agencies. Williford gave the example of regional sanitarians. They certify local sanitarians to install and inspect septic and sewer systems. However, three of the regional positions are frozen because the state cannot afford to hire anyone to fill them.

"Wilson has a trainee right now, but he cant work because there is no one to certify him," said Williford.

Williford attributes the withholding of funds to two previous problems. First, he said that Easley "inherited the problem" because the budget was already "going sour" when he came into office.

The larger problem, Williford believes, is the General Assembly. Although the governor recommends the budget, the Assembly must adopt it. Williford said there is no clear majority in the Assembly, though, so a "compromised budget" resulted.

"When no one can agree, they have to compromise," said Williford. "But a compromised budget is no good. It does nothing to benefit the state."

Williford also thinks that the General Assembly is more interested in spending money than saving. He said that spending is fine, but it is necessary to make sure that there is enough money to back it up.

"Our state has been through a lot of economic development over the past 10 years, but now were really going to suffer," he said.

According to Williford, much action is being taken in response to the cut. Some counties are enacting furloughs, which requires workers to take a maximum of six days off without pay. Local senators and representatives are also lobbying to try to correct the situation.

"Some cities threatened to sue Gov. Easley, but they realized that it probably wouldnt be successful," said Williford.

Williford said that at a meeting on Monday night, Wilson officials adopted a resolution to protect their reimbursement.

"If we cant receive our reimbursement, we should be given an alternative form of income," said Williford. "I think the cities should be given control of sales taxes."

As for Easleys career, Williford cannot be sure of how it will be affected. He said Easley just assumed that the counties had mores money in their reserves than they really did, which was the whole reason for withholding the funds.

"Gov. Easley didnt have the cash flow for the proposed budget, so he cut it," Williford said. "Its early in his term, though, so the economy will probably rebound later and this will just be a bad memory. If not, its going to be hard for him to get re-elected."

Williford said the best solution is "for the economy to recover and to have a tax increase for a couple of years." The only problem with this is that the public will not want a tax increase.

"The public thinks that state and county government officials are a bunch of fat-cat beaurocrats," said Williford. "They want no new taxes, but no cutting of services."

Williford is currently encouraging the sharing of resources and employees amongst the county departments. He said that this situation makes his job harder because he has to try to maintain services for the public.

"Its my job to help the departments provide services," he said. "Service to the public is the foremost responsibility."

Please note that this sample paper on Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Governor Easley's withholding of funds to the NC budget will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

political parties

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on political parties. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality political parties paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in political parties, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your political parties paper at affordable prices!

One political phenomenon that has raised debates in the political community has been the number of parties that occur in a given countrys party system. With political parties being the connection between the issues of the people and the policy that is enacted, the importance of proper representation of these parties to the people is fundamental to the democracy of the nation. For this reason, it is important to consider why countries have differing number of parties despite that fact that each country is considered a democracy. That is, why are there varying numbers of parties across democratic nations?

The answer to this question lies within the type of electoral system that a given country operates under. In examining this theory, one can identify the dependent variable as the number of parties in a given country and the independent variable as the type of electoral system used by a country. Out of simplicity, the two types of electoral systems will be Majoritarian or the "winner-take-all" system and the Proportional Representation (PR) system. It can be seen that under a PR system the seats in the governing body are distributed based on a percentage of the vote, i.e. a party winning 10% of the vote wins 10% of the seats. Where as, in a majoritarian system seats are distributed according to majority vote in districts, thus giving all the districts seats to the top vote getter (Lijphart, 1).

Therefore, under a PR system more than two parties can win representation, thus providing a system in which more than two parties can exist. Consequently, under a majoritarian system it is nearly impossible for more than two parties to gain any representation because of the "winner-take-all" characteristic, thus providing a system in which only two parties can exist. Since, it is nearly impossible for a small third party to win representation, people feel that voting for a third party within majoritarian system is basically throwing away ones vote. Therefore many people who would be the third parties supporters under a PR system will instead opt to support one of the two major parties that is the closer representation of their priorities, thus further lessening the third partys viability (Bianco, 001).

Custom writing service offers papers on political parties

On the other hand, one alternate explanation as to why countries have differing numbers of parities is that the social divisions or cleavages within a country are more focused and defined then in others. That is the more divisive a country is such as between religious and secular government, or between rural and urban populations the more parties there will be to represent the needs of these differing people. However, one can see that by developing a research design that this alternative is merely permitted by the PR structure of a nation.

In researching this theory that PR systems results in more than two parties and majoritarian systems result in only two parties, one can set up a most similar systems research design. The research design would be similar to as follows

Country Number of Parties Electoral System Social Cleavages

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