IPT Databaseing Phase 1

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on IPT Databaseing Phase 1. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality IPT Databaseing Phase 1 paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in IPT Databaseing Phase 1, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your IPT Databaseing Phase 1 paper at affordable prices! Needs Analysis

Pestos pizza parlour is a relatively small and new business. They have a customer base of about 00 customers. Their current database system is old and out of date, and cannot cope with their expectations of expanding in the future. They have requested my assistance in designing a new system to correspond with their expectations of the business in the future. They want to expand the business so that they not only sell to people in the store but also provide the option of delivery if the customer wishes. In order for them to be able to deliver, I have decided that it will be easier for them to keep a database of their customers Names, Addresses and telephone numbers, than to write them down every time they receive an order. Not only are they looking at adding the delivery aspect to the business, but they are also thinking of expanding their menu to suit more customers and become more family friendly. All these aspects and all of the old options of the store will be easier to understand and follow if they are put into a database. The correct design of a quick and easy to use database will help the store in expanding and help them to run the business a lot easier.

See Appendix A for needs list of subsections.

Expected System benefitsBy installing a new system the store will be able to take orders from regular customers a lot faster as there will be no need for the shop assistant to take down the details of old customers time and time again. Instead all that will need to be done is for the shop assistant to request the customers telephone number of where they would like to have their order delivered to. If they are a regular customer, all their details will already be registered on the database so there will be no need for the shop assistant to take down name and address. Hence the order will take half the time, freeing up the phone lines for more orders. However if they are a new customer the shop assistant will have to take all of their details. The benefit of this is that in the future that customer will be registered and his/her details will already be on the system. The second aspect is that if the shop wishes to expand in the delivery side of things, that means employing drivers and they will need to keep track of their drivers. Eg. How many deliverys they have done in the night, the amount of money that they should have on them from all the deliverys, where they have gone and how many deliverys they are doing. Along with all this information I would recommend that the company keep a database of all their employees who work for them, including their details of name, address, contact numbers, pay rate, age, tax file number, account numbers and position at the shop. Eg. Chef. An easy to use system will store all this data in one place and make acquiring it a lot easier for the managers of the store.

System Input and Output

The system will have an easy to use interface which will allow the user to initially enter the customers phone number. If there is a match the system will be directed straight to the delivery or take away option. Once this has been chosen the menu will appear, the customer may select what he/she wants and the assistant will select it on screen. A total price will be calculated and the assistant can convey that to the customer. Once the order is complete an order slip will be printed, this can be handed to the Chef who will make the order, the next available driver will select the order number from a separate screen but linked system, and the that drivers details will be attached to that order.

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How the Black death of 1348, affected all aspects of society in England.

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on How the Black death of 1348, affected all aspects of society in England.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality How the Black death of 1348, affected all aspects of society in England. paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in How the Black death of 1348, affected all aspects of society in England., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your How the Black death of 1348, affected all aspects of society in England. paper at affordable prices! The Black Death arrived in England in August 148 and only petered out in 150, until there were further outeaks in 161. The plague wasought on by fleas, transmitted by rats and could be caught either by direct contact with a flea, or by airborne droplets of saliva coughed up by infected humans. Thisought the overall death toll to around half the population of England, which had stood at four or five million, and it was not selective of social status, religion or age. The Black Death caused an upheaval in the main religion of the day and the lives of the ruling class and peasants were altered indefinitely. The society of England prior to the Black Death was never revisited. "The Black Death speeded up the process of social stratification and drew a sharper distinction between country and parish gentry."

In the era before the Black Death religion played a very important part in peoples lives. Everyone (rich and poor alike) was expected to attend church regularly and had to pay a tax of one tenth of their goods to the Church. The priest was usually the most knowledgeable person in a village and people looked to him to explain things they did not understand. He was also the person to whom they confided in and confessed their sins and it was vital that he was called upon to give the last rites before someone died. Priests and other church leaders taught that the power of the nobility and the poverty of the peasants was part of Gods plan. As long as people accepted their station in life and did what was expected of them, they were assured of an eternal life in heaven. For such eternal happiness, peasants were willing to accept their short, wretched lives on earth.

With the onset of the Black Death many questions concerning the church arose. The church said that the Black Death was Gods will, although the reason for this horrific punishment was unknown. One of the worst aspects of this disease in Christians minds was that people died without last rites and without having a chance to confess their sins. As a result people were allowed to confess their sins to one another or even to a layman, and, if a man is not at hand then to a woman. This was something that would never have been tolerated before the plague.

Many priests died, or fled from their posts and finding quality replacements proved difficult. Priests played an important role in blessing the sick and so as a result thousands of new, inexperienced, unreliable, and sometimes corrupt priests were ordained as replacements, as is written, "priests cannot be found who are willing out of zeal [and] devotion". Filling church offices with the young or incompetent was not a practice that began with the plague, but it did intensify during the pestilenceChristianity remained a dominant force in their lives, but many people began to believe they did not need clergy to lead them to salvation but rather that it was possible for them to have an individual relationship with God. People began to undertake a variety of good works that required no involvement of priests, such as giving money to hospitals or poor monasteries, and even going on pilgrimages. It also became common for people to pick out a special saint known as a plague saint, to pray to for protection. The sacramental wafer was taken as often as possible, instead of the old prescribed minimum communion of once a year.

Just as some people turned to religion, others turned away from it, denouncing God for doing such a terrible thing as sending the plague into the world. Many people became worshipers of Lucifer, calling themselves Lucifereans, and praying to him for help against God.

Although the church suffered an enormous loss of prestige during the Black Death, the majority of people remained deeply tied to Christianity and were more thirsty than ever for spiritual values in an uncertain and frightening world. The impact that the Black Death had on the church essentially helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.

Prior to the Black Death the dominance of the nobility over the peasants was an acceptable practice. Most of the peasants were owned and dictated to by powerful landlords. They could not question their masters authority and were expected to obey his every command. This they believed was the rightful thing to do in order to gain salvation into the kingdom of God.

Although there was this clear distinction of classes the Black Death did not adhere to this principle and the lives of both classes were deeply affected. The Black Death took the lives of many, no matter of ones status, sex or age.

The peasants who survived the Black Death believed that there was something special about them, almost as if God had protected them. Therefore, they took the opportunity offered by the disease to improve their lifestyle.

Many lords were short of desperately needed labour for the land they owned, as many of their labourers had died from the Black Death. Lords actively encouraged peasants to leave the village where they had lived to come to work for them. When peasants did this, the Lord refused to return them to their original villages. For the first time the peasants began to realise that they were a necessary commodity in order to sustain the lives of the rich. They took advantage of this and it is written, "the labourer is angry unless he gets higher wages, and he curses the day that he was ever born a workman" which resulted in greater prosperity. This meant that they also enjoyed a higher standard of living and security of employment.

To curb peasants roaming around the countryside looking for better pay, the government introduced the Statute of Labourers in 151, which basically stated that they were to be paid no more than what they had been paid in 146, and they could not leave the village they belonged to. This angered many peasants, and the final straw was when an unfair poll tax was imposed on peasants which meant that every individual peasant was required to pay the same amount as the wealthy landlord paid. They displayed their anger by rioting in the city of London. They looted, killed, destroyed and burned property. William Dene wrote, "All the labourers, skilled or unskilled, were so carried away by the spirit of revolt." Finally the king agreed to meet with them and he granted them what they wanted. Therefore, it can be argued that the Black Death led to the peasants revolt. The rebels had made some permanent gains, which altered their lives for the better the poll tax was eliminated, and no more laws were passed to cap wages or limit the peasants movements. This meant that the peasants enjoyed a greater sense of freedom after the Black Death.

These new rules that were established after the Black Death made the lives of the peasants fairer, and caused them to have a more worthwhile role in society. However, the impact of the Black Death on the lives of the ruling class was not as beneficial, and their world was turned upside down. Although they still had plenty of land, they suddenly had a difficult time finding enough peasants to work on it. This shifted their attitude, and rather than being interested in getting promises of loyalty or obedience, they were more interested in getting money for their land by either renting or selling it. In England the nobility faced a major reduction in income, as they were said to have fallen below twenty percent between 147 and 15.

The aristocracy depended on their offspring to continue looking after their land but this too became a severe problem because not many of their children survived the Black Death and so the land that had been in the family for many generations now had to be rented or sold.

It is therefore fair to conclude that the lives of both the rich and poor and the role that the church played in their lives was indefinitely altered due to the devastationought on by the Black Death in England during the time between 148 and 14. This is clearly illustrated in the fresco called "The Dance of Death." .Although the church continued to hold an important role in the lives of the people, the Black Death caused them to realise that the church was not as infallible as it had always made itself out to be. This caused the people to explore new ways of finding salvation. For the first time in years the peasants began to question their downtrodden existence and the Black Death gave them the opportunity toeak free from their oppressive circumstances. John Ball wrote, "things cannot go on well in England, nor ever will until everything shall be in common…and all distinctions levelled."6This in turn affected the lives of the nobles who had grown familiar with the dominating role that they had played in the English society. Although the plague caused immense suffering it alsooke down the harsh and often inhumane feudal structure and allowed society as a whole to progress forward to a better future.

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Present

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Present. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Present paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Present, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Present paper at affordable prices! My philosophy professor once lectured for an entire three-hour block on how there really isnt a present. I distinctly remember how I felt that day after class. For a small period of time, I was acutely aware that all experience--absolutely everything, was divided between the past and the future. For me, the present no more existed. I cant quite remember how long I remained mesmerized (dumbfounded might be a better word) by the possibility of an absence of the present�truthfully, it was probably only minutes. Regardless, I know that during whatever time span my mesmerized state lasted, I felt somehow changed by it.

Fast-forward ten years to my "present." I am divorced, have children, and am fighting and groping for some sort of reassurance that the "present" does indeed exist. The past summer my oldest child was baptized. Along with the excitement and feelings of pride, I was confused that I felt surprise and disbelief that it was really time for Sierra to be baptized. The moment I saw her standing next to her grandfather, dressed in white, I became engulfed in the realization that, Sierras entire 8 years of life ran together into a big blob known as the "past," and her "future" was racing ahead of me so far, and at such velocity, that I had no hope of catching it. Catching it is exactly what I wanted.

Catching what? The "present," of course. 8 years have flown by, and I dont feel any older than the day the nurse placed her in my arms. The time from birth to baptism is really just a blink of time. Her first year of life, the funny toddler years, learning to read�all are etched in my memory as if they were happening right now, but so long ago. Sierras baptism reminded me of my philosophy professor. Yes, there is a past�yes, there is a future. The present? Ive decided it will exist in my children.

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Tuberculosis

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Tuberculosis. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Tuberculosis paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Tuberculosis, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Tuberculosis paper at affordable prices!

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The HIV virus infects cells of the immune system. Your immune system is what protects you from infections and disease. HIV uses cells of your immune system to grow. When HIV has used one of these cells to grow, the cell can no longer do its job, leaving your body without a part of its immune system. Pieces of the HIV virus go all over the body.

If your body is making antibodies to HIV, this means youve been infected with the virus. Once youve tested positive for the antibodies to HIV, you will always test positive.

Each day, HIV creates billions of new HIV viruses in the body. The bodys natural reaction to infection is to produce a strong response. But HIV takes every chance it gets to produce faster than the body can attack it. Eventually, in most people, the virus can get the upper hand unless treatments stop it or slow it down. At this point, we know there are several treatments that can slow the infection down. We also know that a handful of people are able to fight off the virus. Doctors agree that HIV infection needs to be treated so that you dont get sick, or sicker.

With HIV infection, your immune system may slowly get weaker or may become overactive. Either way, your immune system is out of balance. HIV starts a process that can be very hard to stop once it starts. With a weakened immune system, you can more easily get infections and cancers. You may not see any signs of these at first. Doctors can use blood tests to see how your immune system is doing. These tests can tell you and your doctor if there are treatments you need to help keep you from getting infections that can make you very sick.

You dont have AIDS as soon as youre infected with HIV. The disease process takes a while, around 10 years on average. The process goes from being HIV+ without any symptoms or signs of disease to being HIV+ with symptoms to having AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Immune deficiency means that HIV has damaged your immune system. A damaged immune system cant protect you from infections as well as a healthy immune system.

Many doctors use your CD4 cells to measure the current status of your immune system. CD4 cells are cells that help control infection. The normal range for CD4 cells is usually 500-1600 cells. For many people whose CD4 cells fall below 00, the risk increases of getting certain infections.

HIV is a kind of virus called a retrovirus. It uses the cells in your body to make more viruses. Drugs that fight HIV are known as antiretrovirals. There are three main types of antiretroviral drugs. Antiretroviral drugs are now being used in combinations that have been shown to dramatically reduce the amount of HIV in the body

An example of the Life Cycle of particular Retrovirus -

Example of HIV Transmission

Several factors appear to affect vertical HIV-1 transmission, dependent mainly on characteristics of the mother (extent of immunodeficiency, co-infections, risk behavior, nutritional status, immune response, genetical make-up), but also of the virus possibly, of the child. This complex situation is compounded by the fact that the virus may have the whole gestation period, apart from variable periods between memane rupture and birth and theeast-feeding period, to pass from the mother to the infant. It seems probable that an extensive interplay of all factors occurs, and that some factors may be more important during specific periods and other factors in other periods. Factors predominant in protection against in utero transmission may be less important for peri-natal transmission, and probably quite different from those that predominantly affects transmission by mothers milk. For instance, cytotoxic T lymphocytes will probably be unable to exert any effect duringeast-feeding, while neutralizing antibodies will be unable to protect transmission by HIV transmitted through infected cells. Furthermore, some responses may be capable of controlling transmission of determined virus types, while being inadequate for controlling others. As occurrence of mixed infections and recombination of HIV-1 types is a known fact, it does not appear possible to prevent vertical HIV-1 transmission by reinforcing just one of the factors, and probably a general strategy including all known factors must be used.

Please note that this sample paper on Tuberculosis is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Tuberculosis, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Tuberculosis will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Remuneration

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Remuneration. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Remuneration paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Remuneration, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Remuneration paper at affordable prices! Abstract

The real wage of the average worker in the United States has fallen 1 percent in the last 0 years, while the average chief executive officer (CEO) has received a pay raise of over 00 percent (Crystal, 11). This glaring contrast has sparked an explosion in academic research on executive compensation. The argument that Crystal (11) proposed, ¡°just about all of the rational factors you can think of, taken together, don¡¯t play a big role in determining executive pay¡±, is dominant in this medium. Despite this fact, research on executive paychecks has continued to grow as the literature is truly interdisciplinary across the fields of economics, finance and accounting, industrial relations, organizational behavior and strategy (Murphy 1).

Labour economists have drawn upon many conclusions on executive remuneration from a large theoretical and empirical interdisciplinary literature. They argued that executive remuneration offers opportunities to analyze many concepts of the economics of managerial labor market. Hence, in this essay I am going to explore these opportunities by looking at the functioning market in the captioned perspective.

The managerial labor market, which contains a range of firms that are with managerial jog openings and a range of potential managers who have different human capital characteristics, has two sides. On the one hand, the demand side, which is made up of employees who produce goods and services, and employers who purchase executive effort, concerns paid managerial labor as a function of the latter¡¯s pay and productivity. On the other hand, the supply side composes executives who are assumed to switch firms according to the characteristics of the firm and the salary. By understanding the two sides and the disciplining effect of the managerial labor markets, firms can identify the market forces that determine the optimal executive remuneration contracts so as to maximize firm value (Fama 180, Fama & Jensen 18). The use of such knowledge align with the understanding of managerial behavior with owners¡¯ interests can help firms to choose corporate policies that best signal their own value to the labor market such as CEO remuneration. Since one of the most important objectives of firms is to maximize their value, executives are disciplined into undertaking strategies preferred by the stockholders that maximize the firm¡¯s stock price (Fama 180). Hence, suggesting the major functioning of managerial labor market are to determine the rational level and structure of remuneration package and to reflect the managerial labor market¡¯s control of executives¡¯ behavior to maximize firm value. Cheap essay writing services offer help on Remuneration Despite the fact that executive remuneration schemes across firms and industries are substantially heterogeneous and complex, it can boiled down to four basic elements a base salary, bonus, stock options and long term incentive plans. I will examine these in turns. First, base salary for executives is a key component of the pay package. It represents the ¡° fixed component¡± in executive contracts. Second, bonus is paid annually based on accounting profit, budget, prior-year performance or incentive zone. Third, stock options are agreements that the executive may purchase from the firm at any time within a stated period or a given number of shares of its stock at a price specified on the date of granting (Easton & Rosen 18). This, with regards to political, economic, mechanical and behavioral factors, has made it the most pronounced method in executive remuneration in the last two decade (Murphy 1). This is because it relates the executive¡¯s income most directly to the concern of shareholders, i.e. the value of the firm. Finally, the long- term incentive plan, which is based on rolling ¨C average -or-5-year cumulative performance.

As I have stated before, the major function of the managerial labor market is to set a rational level and structure of the executive remuneration package so to maximize the firm¡¯s value, i.e. the executive remuneration reflects the managerial labor market¡¯s control of executives¡¯ behavior to maximize firm value. Hence, making the relationship between executive remuneration and company¡¯s performance the fundamental concern.

In order to understand this concern, we have to examine the agency theory as it is the principal theory guiding research on the pay-performance relationship (Berstein 17; Crystal, 15; Lowenstein 16; Gomez-Mejia 14; Gomez-Mejia and Wiseman 17; Fama & Jensen 18; Jensen & Meckling 176).

Agency theory states that many social relationships can be best understood as interactions between two parties principal and an agent. The agent performs certain actions on behalf of the principal, who must delegate some authority to the agent (Jesen and Mecking, 176). By examining the theory, firms can be in a better position when dealing with contract problems that are governed by an exchange between individuals who have divergent interests.

Typical organization in most western countries, which has a corporate structure with thousands or millions of owners, each having a small claim on the firm, can be used to make a clear illustration of the above. Shareholders of the organization are widely dispersed, delegating responsibility to running the business to hired executives. Given their limited control over corporate affairs and executive¡¯s limited stake in the firm¡¯s equity and risk, executive is expected to engage in behavior that promotes their personal wealth, perquisite consumption, job security and prestige but is detrimental to stockholders¡¯ interest in maximizing the value of the firm (Jesen & Mecking 176). The literature on agency theory has suggested that the optimal solution to goal incongruent is to have remuneration contracts that link executive remuneration to the performance of the firm. Hence, through the executive¡¯s holdings of stock, restricted stock, and stock options, an executive remuneration is explicitly tied to the principle¡¯s objective, i.e. the executive wealth is implicitly tied to the stock-price performance through accounting-based bonus and option (Murphy, 1). This in turns suggests that the performance-based remuneration will induce self-interested, utility-maximizing, risk-and-effort-averse agents to act on the behalf of principals who want to increase the value and performance of their firms (Eisenhardt 18; Jesen & Mecking 176). This view, however, has failed to find supportive evidence of such positive relationship (Jesen & Murphy 10; Kerr & Bettis 187; Mceachern 175; Rich & Larson 184). These researchers have claimed that the relationship between executive remuneration and firm performance is either nonexistent or is of a very weak nature, that is, remuneration is significantly unrelated to the firm¡¯s performance (Crystal 11) or if related, then only related to the short-term performance (Rapport 178). In contrast, some studies claim that the executive remuneration is more closely related to the firm¡¯s size than to the firm¡¯s profits (McGuire 16). Therefore this inconclusive effect of executive remuneration on the functioning of managerial labor market hasought a great puzzle to the researchers.

Therefore, to understand the functioning of managerial labour market, alternate mechanisms and criteria outside the agency framework are examined. These mechanisms include marginal productivity theory, internal and external market theory, board control theory, information-processing theory and social comparison theory, will be examined in turns.

Marginal productivity theory views the managerial labor market as perfectly competitive, that is there are a large number of individual, perfectly informed buyers and sellers of homogeneous executives. Hence, remuneration, viewed as the price of labor, is seen as being determined by the intersection of labor demand and supply curves in the market. Firm maximizes its profits in the short run by employing executives up to the point where the executive remuneration equals executive¡¯s marginal revenue product (MRP). It equals to executive¡¯s marginal physical product (MPP) multiplied by marginal revenue (MR). According to economists, executives are assumed to be highly mobile and fully informed and would supply their labor service to the highest bidder. Executive supply and demand are quicklyought into a state of equiliium through executives moving from one firm to another in response to opportunities to obtain higher earnings. Thus, by looking at the profit-maximizing firm¡¯s short-run demand curve for executives, which is the schedule of its marginal revenue product, executive remuneration can be determined by the value of his contribution to the firm.

Another influential theory regarding the internal and external managerial labor market of executive pay is made by Fama (180). He argued that the external labor market exerts many direct pressures on the firm to sort and compensate executives according to performance. Hence, there is a natural process of monitoring from higher to lower levels of management, i.e. each executive is concerned with the performance of executive above and below him since his marginal product is likely to be positive of their. This leads to a careful consideration of the mechanics, which the potential executives used to seek information about the responsiveness of the system in rewarding performance. Thus this market mechanism ensures the rights of shareholders and the rights of the top management are respected.

The third theory views the board as the legal representative and formal guardian of stockholders¡¯ interests, i.e. the board members have the task to oversee and ratify managements¡¯ decisions and to evaluate reward and sanction executives¡¯ performance (Bacon &own, 175). Research has focused on twooad factors, executive duality and the proportion of outsiders on a board in evaluating the influence the board exerts in setting executive pay. Finkelstein and Hamick (18) found no evidence of a relationship between executive remuneration the percentage shareholdings of outside directors. Furthermore, Boyd (14) found that ¡° contrary to expectations, the ratio of insiders was negatively associated with compensation¡±. Other work has also shown that the proportion of outside directors appointed to a board by its executive has a positive effect on executive remuneration (Main, 14). This theory also suggests that there is a threat of board actions and termination in response to observed managerial inefficiency or opportunism, which is likely to impel executives to refrain from behavior that is in conflict with stockholders¡¯ interests. Thus the characteristics of the board such as its structure and its effectiveness are key determinants on the executive remuneration and the sensitivity of the relationship between remuneration and performance.

Information-processing theory is very important when contributing on the recent work on executive remuneration as it focuses on the substantive nature of the job performed by executives on the social and political context of their pay. There are several reasons for expecting the remuneration of executive is in accordance to the information processing demands they face instead of the firm¡¯s performance. First, information-processing tasks are a major part of executive¡¯s jobs and the execution of such tasks is critical to organizational functioning and performance (Eisenhardt 18; Galaith 17; Halrblian & Finkelstein 1; Minzberg 17; Thompson 167). Second, executives¡¯ jobs vary considerably in the information-processing demands they create. The common theme of such research is around those demands that are significantly affected by three firm-level factors (1) the number and interdependence of a firm¡¯s business activities. () the technologies the firm employs and ( ) the management used to administrate the firm (Chandler 16; Dafe & Lengel 186; Galaith 17; Gresov 18; Hill & Hoskisson 187; Jones & Hill 188). This theory, therefore, shows that executives who face particularly high information-processing demands due to the diversification approach to technology their firms adapted will be expected to be paid more, as their ability to cope with these demands allow them to make larger marginal contributions to firm performance (Henderson & Fredrickson 16). In an informational efficient executive labor market, it is unrealistic to expect changes in executive pay to be closely related to firm performance measure, i.e. it has a low sensitivity of pay-for-performance.

Finally, the use of social comparison theory provides us an understanding of socio-psychological explanation of remuneration. This theory is based on the remise that individuals have the need to evaluate their opinions and abilities. They compare with others who have similar abilities and opinions. In the case of managerial labor market, the implication is that the remuneration committee will set the pay of executives who are perceived to be slightly better by striking a balance between providing financial incentives to executives to improve firm performance and avoiding a binding ¡°participation constraint¡± (Smith & Stnabsju 15). That is to ensure that executives remain loyal to firms by offering levels of pay comparable to the external labor market alternatives.

So far, I have discussed what factors determine the executive remuneration and how they effect on the firm¡¯s performance from the economics, psychological and sociological perspectives. However, these are not sufficient enough to understand the functioning of the managerial labour market fully. Recent work, perhaps responding to the difficulties with traditional economies-based research on remuneration, has begun to move beyond established frameworks and suggests some new factors that may influence the remuneration-setting process. Managerial discretion, efficient wages model, tournament models (Lazer & Rosen 181; Rosen 186), resource dependence theory etc are some examples of paradigms that explain executive pay, which have moved the stream of research on executive remuneration forward greatly.

To sum up, research on executive compensation has a long history. Much of this work has adopted the economics perspective, which views social, political or strategic factors as the determinants of executive pay. In this essay, I have tried to explore the functioning of managerial labor market based on the existing comprehensive theoretical and empirical literature on executive remuneration. My conclusion is that although the pay for performance is consistent with agency theory, the relationship between executive remuneration and performance is more complex than the empirical research has presumed. Since the extent to which the functioning of managerial labor market is effected by the executive remuneration is still inconclusive, aoader perspective should be adopted by firms in order to have a better understanding of the functioning of managerial labor market from the executive remuneration stand.

Please note that this sample paper on Remuneration is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Remuneration, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Remuneration will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE.

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE. paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE. paper at affordable prices! The political socialization of individuals influences their political culture, which in turn affect their political behavior. Political participation is one aspect of political behavior that is of great importance to politicians because of its potential impact on overall voter turnout, societal satisfaction and ultimately the win or loss of an election. For centuries, citizens of democratic societies have participated in the political affairs of their country. This participation has in more recent years however varied from conventional to more unconventional methods.

Political socialization as defined by Dr. Trevor Munroe is "the ways and means through which our views about politics, and our values in relation to politics are formed." Although not consciously obvious, there are agents that are identified as actively involved during political socialization. The primary agents, the family and peer groups, are characterized by their direct influence and unstructured or informal nature. The family is considered primary because at this level, individuals are first exposed to and taught the basic norms, values and ideas that are similar to their parents/guardians. During political discussions at home, the political identity of parents would possibly be transferred from the adults to the children. Peer groups are also thought to be primary despite not being the first agent to create an impression. Children form alliances from an early age and information is exchanged constantly. Evidence of the power of peer groups are apparent within many societies and may arguably be a direct result of economic constrains or the growth of idealisms such as feminism that have changed the roles of women. Where the family falls short, peer groups pick up the slack. The secondary agents of political socialization are very structured and formal. Examples of these are the mass media, the educational system, political parties and religious institutions. These agents indirectly impact the behavior of individuals and their attitudes towards authority; nevertheless, their effectiveness cannot be overlooked. In Jamaica for example, during designated election campaign periods, the two major parties have traditionally been associated with specific colors and symbols for identifying support for either. Party supporters loyally endorsed their support by wearing the chosen colors (red for socialists, green for the laborites) and by public display of hand symbols (fist for socialists, two finger V sign for laborites).

During political socialization, the political culture of a country, society or community is transferred and developed within individuals. For example, the child in Cuba who is nurtured with pro Fidel Castro teachings and positive attitudes toward their country will, if all things remain equal, be patriotic to his country and its development. Cubans who have tried and been trying to escape by boats have most likely been influenced by western propaganda. Most Cubans who still live in Cuba under the Castro regime, are very happy and satisfied with their way of life. There are three distinct types of political culture that may exist within any given society. The participatory �very active citizens, subjective more passive persons, or parochial citizens more concerned with their personal and immediate surrounds. Most countries are indicative of a combination of parochial and participatory. The four major factors that influence changes in political culture are firstly, information accessibility and availability. With the advancements in technology within the last century, computers have become more affordable, Internet access has increased globalization possibilities and the media now have larger volumes of readers and listeners. Secondly, a change in the governments performance will influence the level of importance that the public attaches to politics. The correlation between public confidence and governments ability to provide satisfactorily for their people is undeniable. Thirdly a change in the political regime or the definition of the state also affects citizens political culture. When Jamaica became independent in 16, the countrys political culture changed. Lastly, and possibly most powerful is, a change in the economic structure of a society can strongly affect the political culture. During the existence of the USSR, their economy was extremely strong and prices remained constant for 40 years. The changes in the economy after reformation greatly changed their political culture.

Political participation can take the form of conventional methods, for example voting or signing petitions, the more unconventional avenues of boycotts, street demonstrations. Voting as an avenue of political participation appears to be declining as a choice for Jamaicans. Voter turnout has fallen from a high of 86% in 176 to a record low of 67% in 17. More increasingly citizens appear to be losing confidence in the political system, which has failed to solve problems of unemployment, crime and a stagnant economy. Another reason for the decline of voting, as an option is that general elections are held every 4 years, citizens are therefore not left with many other ways of having policies affected or their voices heard. After citizens have tried to more passive approaches of demonstrating and gotten no results, experience has shown that after blocking the roads, results have been more forthcoming. It is logical to deduce that people demonstrate because they are so motivated by various frustrations.Jamaica

In Jamaica, between 186 and 11, the number of roadblock increased form to 4. By 17, there was an increase of 165 more roadblocks, approximately 4% Renewing Democracy into the Millennium, Dr. Trevor Munroe. Demonstrating in the street is not altogether illegal or necessarily discouraged. According to the constitution, citizens have the right to demonstrate as an extension of democratic process, provided the activities remain within the limits of the law. . Interest groups such as Amnesty International and Jamaicans for Justice have had demonstrations that increased public awareness and caused effective changes. In April 1, in response to an increase in gas prices Jamaica was rocked by island wide demonstrations that left the nations commerce, educational system, tourism sector, public transportation and average citizens virtually crippled for three days. The domino effect of which, is loss in overall revenue and economic growth for Jamaica. It is arguable that a favorable response was received from blocking the roads and locking down the country. The initial price hikes were removed immediately; violent street demonstrations had resulted in a policy change. Within a month however, the price of gasoline returned to the original increased amount. In the long run, many Jamaicans who partook in the demonstrations were unaware of the price change until it was too late. The country then had to work even harder to regain its economic footing. The damage to the streets, buildings, vehicles and other assets are now born by the taxpayer. A positive result of the street demonstration was that their voices were heard. President of the Private Sector Association of Jamaica (PSOJ) Peter Moses was named chairman of theoad-based committee constituted by Prime Minister P.J Patterson to examine the gas price hike and recommend adjustments. Although the desired effect of a reduction in the price hike was not authorized, it should be noted that an alternative avenue of participation was created, the committee heard from and responded to suggestions made by concerned citizens.

Guyana

In Guyana, ethnical politics has traditionally overpowered ideological politics. Recent street demonstrations by the minority party Peoples National Congress (PNC), aimed at forcing President Bharrat Jagdeo to step down have become destructive. In January 001, hundreds of Indo Guyanese were robbed and beaten, some 400 protesters chanting PNC slogans took part in an illegal demonstration over election issues and police used tear gas to disperse them. The hostile demonstrations continued and the ruling party Peoples Progressive Party has remained in power. Even more recently, during the launch of rd Summit of Caricom, an anti-government demonstration of approximately 1000 persons resulted in the shooting death of two by police. While not turning a blind eye to the demonstrations or the root of the problem, the PNC representatives have been urged to take up their seats in Parliament in a bid amicable restore peace to the country. Then President, Janet Jagan was quoted "We as citizens have to help in every way, and I hope we can get back to a normal society where people can talk to one another; where people can raise their issues in parliament, where people can go to the courts for justice, but not on the streets,"

Trinidad

In November 18, media reporters from Trinidad march to protest the physical abuse they sustained form a crowd that was allegedly incited to abuse them by then Prime Minister Basdeo Panday. He publicly declared war on journalists and accused them of being anti United National Congress (UNC). Titled March for Democracy, the protest was not only in the form of street demonstration, but included a proposed boycott from the reporting of government matters, an open letter to Prime Minister Panday, a joint lawsuit and the picketing of Parliament. As a result of their protest, journalist were given police protection at the next UNC meeting three weeks later and offered empathy by other UNC members for the attacks on them.

East Timor

The United Nations General Assembly placed East Timor on the international agenda in 160 when it added the territory to its list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. In 174 while still under the rule of Portugal, what started as street demonstrations led to the outeak of a civil war between those who favored independence and those who advocated integration with Indonesia; An example of the citizens political culture changing due to changes in political regime. Unable to control the situation, Portugal withdrew from East Timor. Indonesia intervened militarily and later integrated East Timor as its 7th province. The United Nations disapproved of this integration and called for Indonesias withdrawal. After several attempt at pacifying the situation, war once againoke out and many East Timorese were killed with as many as 500,000 displaced from their homes. In October 1, the Security Council by resolution 17 established the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), as an integrated, multi-dimensional peacekeeping operation fully responsible for the administration of East Timor during its transition to independence. East Timor is now on the road to rebuilding an even stronger economy with the assistance of the United Nations but many lives were lost and families torn apart before a change was made.

CONCLUSION

In popular political arenas, it is distinctly obvious that an increasing number of potentially active citizens have little faith in the effectiveness of employing conventional means of participating in the running and leadership of their country. It is difficult to truly ascertain a correlation between voter turnout and street demonstrations, due to the limitations of enumerating each citizen or conducting a census. It an be construed that street demonstrations appear to be replacing voting as an avenue of political participation, because of the high frequency with which they occur. Virtually every modern society has been the victim of street demonstrations. The differences however, lie in the degrees of volatility, the political socialization of the people and their existing political culture. The justification of these demonstrations is dependent on the effective changes they stimulate and the quality of the communal environment left in their aftermath.

BIBLOGRAPHY

Munroe, Trevor Dr, (1), Renewing Democracy into the Millennium

Munroe, Trevor Dr, (1), An Introduction to Politics

Chomsky, Noam, (001), A New Generation Draws the Line

The Gleaner

Trinidad Express

Tutorial notes

Please note that this sample paper on QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE., we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on QUESTION: HOW FAR AND WITH WHAT JUSTIFICATION IS THE STREET DEMONSTRATION REPLACING VOTING AS AN AVENUE OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION? USE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE CARIBBEAN OR ELSEWHERE. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Home schooling?

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Home schooling?. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Home schooling? paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Home schooling?, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Home schooling? paper at affordable prices! Surely nobody knows what significant changes will there be centuries later, will our grand grandsons or grand granddaughters be those like Margie and Tommy who were schooled at home by those mechanical ¡¥teachers¡¦ catering for those children¡¦s abilities on studying? No one knows.

Talking about these two kids, I was impressed by the way of their home schooling at home as their so-called ¡¥school¡¦ was totally different from ours now. Instead of going to school, they studied at home with the help of advanced technology at that time. Their teachers were alike robots without characteristics in person, they did what they were ordered. What about handing in homework? That¡¦s a piece of cake, just inserted their homework written in a punch code into the slot .By the time they finished the last-page insertion, the mark had already been calculated. Sounds marvellous, wasn¡¦t it? However, Margie and Tommy didn¡¦t really enjoy learning in that way, Margie even wanted the County Inspector to take away her teacher by the time they found there was a bug in the programme sector of her teacher.

By reflecting the school system we have nowadays, the only thing I share with Margie and Tommy is that we have to learn at regular hours at regular places. I am a little bit luckier than the two kids as I have buddies in school while they have to face that humourless robot without company.

Honestly, I do enjoy study at regular hours as it controls my study time and my study progress stuck to the schedule. However, I am not saying that home-schooling is something we should avoid as a way to gain knowledge. There are two faces to a coin. Even though home-schooling may discourage the development of social and communication skills, it helps to encourage the development of potential abilities at different subjects as a result of adjusting the teaching schedule to fit each kid. Those who are good at Mathematics do not necessarily good at the usage of languages. Only adjusting the teaching process according to students¡¦ ability will help to relieve the learning pressure and find out which fields they are really gifted. After staying at home these days when there is a suspension in schools, I found it tedious to study at home alone. I somehow can understand why Margie keep saying she hate school as in which it means she have to learn new knowledge without interaction with classmates. Self-control is one of the most-needed things while studying alone as you may be distracted easily by temptation like TV , snacks and the Internet. If Margie was not commanded by her mother, I am sure she may keep her teacher waiting till she finished that old book with Tommy. By the way, that is what touch me most as I share the same thing with her whenever I have to put down my favourite book while being snapped by my mother for not studying hard.

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Sally Morgan

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Sally Morgan. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Sally Morgan paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Sally Morgan, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Sally Morgan paper at affordable prices! Sally Morgan

The short passage used from the story "My Place" is written by Sally Morgan. Sally uses different conventions in the passage to position the reader to respond to her story. The conventions used are conflict, point of view and plot.

The conflict of self vs. self and self vs. others is used to position the reader into responding to the passage. The conflict of deciding to stay or leave the car, self vs. self, gets the reader to understand how doing so could lead to some dangers and that that character is accepting to face it. If they kids in the story leave the car they face the danger of boredom and dehydration, while leaving the car they face the danger of being kidnapped. At the end of the passage it shows how one of the sons talks back to his father, self vs. others. This creates the feal for the character and gets the reader to respond by the conflict of father and son. Conflict is used, in this passage, to get readers to respond to the way the characters interact with each other.

The point of view of this story is written in first person, which tells the passage as one of the children. This tells the reader how one person sees whats happening. Point of view positions the reader to accept the values and attitudes and also lets the reader experience what the narrator is sparing, in this case, life as a kid.Tone is used to indicate the writers attitude to something. In this passage the tone is disappointment in the father and from children. The disappointment is the decision from the father and from the children. The kids where told to stay in the car but disobeyed and where at the beach instead. The disappointment from the kids where that their father was meant to be gone for a few minutes but was gone for ages. The tone shows anger and frustration, which get the reader to understand how the kids and the father feel at the same time.

Sally Morgan uses the techniques of conflict, point of view and tone to get the reader to respond to her story well. The use of the techniques also positions the reader to understand Morgans values and attitudes in the story and was a great way to get the reader to respond to her passage.

Please note that this sample paper on Sally Morgan is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Sally Morgan, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Sally Morgan will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Magic Realism in Eva Luna

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Magic Realism in Eva Luna. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Magic Realism in Eva Luna paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Magic Realism in Eva Luna, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Magic Realism in Eva Luna paper at affordable prices! Magic realism is a description of a certain sub genre that combines realism with fantastic and dreamlike elements. This term may be thought as a paradox- magic is not real- but such novels do not create a new world such as fantasy novels do, but suggest that the world is filled with secrets. These magical elements are not questioned and are simply apart of that reality. The mysterious, the beautiful and the amazing are expressed as magical, and perhaps are magical to the human perception of the world. Magic realism and its associated elements and techniques are displayed in Isabel Allendes novel Eva Luna. This novel displays realism alongside magical components that are seen as normal to the characters. It experiments with plot and style, and blurs traditional reactions to subjects. Materials from fairytale-like stories are used, political/social subjects are explored, time is represented as circular, and the paradox of the union of opposites is explored. All these characteristics of magic realism prove Eva Luna to be magic realist literature.

Magic realism uses sharply etched realism in representing ordinary events and descriptive details, according to Aams Glossary of Literary Terms, and such a feature is displayed in this novel. Realism is where things are portrayed as they actually are, without idealisation, and this can blur the lines between good and bad. They paid little attention to Consuelo, who was growing up scorched by the sun, poorly nourished on yucca and fish, infested with parasites, bitten by mosquitoes, free as a bird. In an ideal world, she would have been clean and healthy, but is portrayed more realistically as dirty and unhealthy, yet still happy and free. A more powerful example of realism in the text is where the new, seemingly true love between Eva and Rolf doesnt last. …we loved each other more modestly until that love wore thin and nothing was left but shreds. It shows a painfully more real ending that most relationships dont last. This feature is expressed throughout the novel, proving the realism part of magic realism.

Magic realism involves the inclusion of fantastic and dreamlike elements in an otherwise realistic plot and setting, and this is found in Eva Luna. It clings to reality, but express the magic in that reality.

When she talked about the past, or told her stories, the room filled with light; the walls dissolved to reveal incredible landscapes, palaces crowded with unimaginable objects, faraway countries… She reduced me [Eva] to the size of an ant so I could experience the universe form that smallness; she gave me wings to see it from the heavens.The fantastic elements have an escapism effect, where you are taken to a new world with new rules and amazing features, but these elements stay close to reality. Consuelo simply tells stories that are transformed intoeathtaking adventures through the imagination, but interpreting it on such a level is not necessary- we feel like Eva actually does travel across landscapes and is transformed into animals. This is perhaps the most obvious clue that this novel is magic realism.

The magic is part of the atmosphere of the setting in magic realist novels, and is an important aspect of it. The setting for the beginning of Eva Luna is a missionary surrounded by tropical jungle. It is a real setting, but a magical dimension is added to it. …on piles driven into the mud of a river of opalescent waters whose banks evaporated in the reverberating light. The dwellings seemed to drift amid silent canoes, garbage, carcasses of dogs and rats, and inexplicable white blossoms. Evocative words like opalescent and reverberating light create the image of sunlight sparkling on top of clear water, reflecting everywhere. It is a fantastic and amazing scene that could be described as magical. The second sentence adds a different atmosphere, describing garbage and carcasses, but strangely there are beautiful flowers growing amidst this. Beautiful life is able to prosper in filth, expressing the magic in reality. The use of setting in this novel portrays it as magic realism.

The magical elements in magic realist novels are never found to be strange by the characters, they are simply apart of the world, and this is true for Eva Luna. Magic realism aims to show something common or daily in something unreal or strange.

…and the Palace of the Poor, which for thirty seconds materialised like a hallucination at one side of the road…; Someone [had] ordered the guardia to remove the interlopers, with firearms if necessary, but the officials became lost along the way. They could not evict the occupants because the palace and everything inside had become invisible to the human eye; it had entered another dimension where life continued without aggravation.

The Palace of the Poor is casually described as a building that appears and disappears, that it becomes invisible and enters another dimension. These strange, magical elements do not surprise the inhabitants of this world, they are simply there. This proves that this novel can be described as magic realism.

Magic realist novels violate, in various ways, standard novelistic expectations by experimenting with narrative elements and styles of writing, as is done in Eva Luna. The novels plot wonders, going everywhere without a set central conflict and meaning like most novels. There is no main problem, but many that are resolved one after the other. It is more like a journey, containing many highlights and lessons, closer to a fictionalised autobiography than a novel. This experimentation with style and plot is typical of magic realist literature, demonstrating that Eva Luna can be classified under this sub genre.

Magic realist literature can blur traditional distinctions between what is serious or trivial, horrible or ludicrous, tragic or comic, and Allende does this in Eva Luna. One such example is Elviras coffin. She feared a paupers death, that her bones would be tossed into a common grave, and to avoid posthumous humiliation she had bought a coffin on credit, which she kept in her room. Allende uses assonance, describing posthumous humiliation to add humour into a usually serious topic. The idea of keeping ones coffin in the bedroom is very eccentric, blurring the distinction between the serious and humorous. Displaying this feature proves Eva Luna as magic realism.

Texts with magic realism also contain materials derived from myth and fairy tales, and such material is shown in Eva Luna. At the beginning of the novel a quotation from A Thousand and One Tales of the Arabian Nights is cited Then he said to Scheherazade Sister, for the sake of Allah, tell us a story that will help pass the night…. Scheherazade tells a cruel king stories to entertain and distract him from killing in vengeance of his wifes adultery, and succeeds in doing so for a thousand and one nights. This relates to Eva Lunas ability to tell stories. She tells Rolf a story of his past, where all his pains were changed into happiness. By giving Rolf a new life, reshaped to remove his terrible childhood, he is transformed much like the king in A Thousand and One Tales. By containing material from a tale, Eva Luna is further established to be magic realism.

Politics, revolution and social changes are often explored in these novels, and are sometimes used to make political statements. The many descriptions of the political turmoil in Chile are obvious examples of this. The tribal chieftain - motivated to cooperate after the Army had swept through her village leaving a swath of burning huts, gutted animals, and raped girls - had agreed to take the men [guerillas] across the river and lead them through the jungle. Allende describes the cruel and evil actions of the army, positioning the reader to feel anger against the government and righteousness in the guerilla movement. By exploring politics and revolution, her novel fulfils a trend of magic realist literature.

Time is a common subject, which is frequently displayed as cyclical instead of linear, in magic realist novels such as Eva Luna. Characters that Eva meet earlier on in the novel return again near the end. Elvira, Huberto and Melesio/Mimi reappear in such a manner, suggesting the circular, repetitive nature of time. She revisits Riad Halabi after many years of leaving her father figure/lover. He was exactly as I remembered him, not a minute older… I saw a girl [his wife] who was probably no more than fourteen… this man had rejected me because I was too young. Even events for Riad have been re-occurring, now with another young lover. Eva Luna can be defined as magic realism because of this display of circular time.

Magic realism also concentrates on the paradox of the union of opposites, and in Eva Luna the opposites mainly referred to are life and death. This also relates to time travelling in circles, life and death being a continuous cycle. Once such example is when Eva is conceived when her father was about to die. …soon he tumbled her over and emaced her with the urgency dictated by the proximity of death… And that is how I was conceived, on my fathers deathbed. The close relationship between life and death is examined, as when death comes, it is necessary for us to reproduce and achieve a form of immortality. Another union of these two opposites is when Elvira is saved by her coffin, using it as a raft during a flood. Imagine…all that sleeping in the box so that when death came for me, Id be ready, and then what came for me was life.… The coffin had saved her life. The paradox of being saved by an object that signifies death is obvious. By displaying this feature of magic realism, Eva Luna is proved to be described as such.

Eva Luna displays all the basic elements and trends of magical realism. Sharp realism is shown, portraying things, such as relationships, as they actually are without idealisation. Fantastic and dreamlike elements, entwined with a real setting, are seen as normal to the characters. The novel violates standard novelistic expectations with its wondering plot and autobiographical format. Allende blurs traditional distinctions of what is serious or humorous with Elviras eccentricities. Materials from tales are used and related to, politics, revolutions and social changes are explored, and time is shown as circular. Finally Allende concentrates on the paradox of the union of death and life, binary opposites, fulfilling all magic realist novel expectations and proving that Eva Luna can indeed be described as magic realism.

Please note that this sample paper on Magic Realism in Eva Luna is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Magic Realism in Eva Luna, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Magic Realism in Eva Luna will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Deceptive Women

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Deceptive Women. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Deceptive Women paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Deceptive Women, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Deceptive Women paper at affordable prices!

Women have a very cunning way to manipulate men. Sometimes they do so without even knowing it. In oneparticular short story, "The Judges Wife" by Isabel Allende women unconsciously alter the men around them. Nicholas Vidal and Jack Potter are among the men who undergo a significant change from the womens influence.

In "The Judges Wife," Nicholas Vidal is a bandit with a hardened heart that is destined to "lose his head over a woman." He restricts himself from emotional encounters with women and hasief encounters with them instead. Preferring "dark-haired andazen women" Nicholas does not hesitate to look at Dona Casilda on her wedding day, because she is pale and her eyes are "filled with wonder and her fingers are obviously unskilled in the art of rousing a man to pleasure." Everyone in town, including Nicholas, does not think Casilda will live long due to the harsh climate of heat and dust.

Judge Hidalgo, "feared throughout the province" and known for his "severity and stubbornness," is not exactly husband material for anyone but especially for Casilda. Perhaps because Casilda is so "soft-spoken" Judge Hidalgo makes a complete transformation. Even though he still dresses the same, his judgments in court have "altered dramatically." There are rumors in town that Judge Hidalgo "rollicks with his children" and "chuckles with Casilda on his lap." Casilda gets the credit for his newfound kindness. After seeing firsthand Casildas impinge on Judge Hidalgo, it is not a surprise that Casilda softens Nicholass soul of hardened iron. When Nicholas encounters Casilda, he is intrigued that for the "first time in his life another person was facing him without fear." At first the only reason Casilda emaces him is to "win time for her children." However, at one point, she gives herself to him completely in gratitude. When she hears the soldiers coming, she tells him to go. He stays with her, though, fulfilling the prophecy that was made when he was born.

Nicholas Vidal has always avoided emotional encounters with women. Casilda is the first woman he ever becomes involved with even though it is not for a long time. He has the choice to either flee from the soldiers and leave Casilda or stay with Casilda and face death. Ultimately he decides to stay with Casilda, emacing her.

Everyone in town thinks Casilda will not survive the harsh conditions of the climate and of Judge Hidalgo. It is ironic that she outlives both Nicholas Vidal, the towns bandit, and the stubborn Judge Hidalgo. In fact, it is even more humorous that she transforms these two men who are the most harsh and powerful in the town.

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Defining Atheism & The Impossibility of God's Existance

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OUR ARGUMENTS

Lets define Atheism (a=lack of, theism=belief of a god). . Therefor, someone who has lack of belief in a god, would be an Atheist. Like it or not, EVERYONE is an atheist one way or the other. Stephen Roberts once said, I contend we are both Atheists. I just believe in one fewer God than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all other possible Gods, you will understand why i dismiss yours. By definition, if you say you do not believe in Yahweh, Allah, Judah, or Zeus, or whomever, you are an atheist..

"Lack of a belief in a god" is "not believing in any god". Which is different to only believing in one God.The opposite of atheism according to this definition would be someone who believes in a god. Therefore, as someone with belief in a god, I am not an atheist. How can I be an atheist, and the opposite of an atheist, at the same time? It is not possible! Atheism, a dictionary definition, is belief that there is no God.

But that is not of real importance. What is important, is the ability to be able to distinguish reality from primitive supernatural fantasy. There are two kinds of Atheists (strong and weak). There is also what is called an Agnostic. A weak atheist would say, There is no evidence of God, so i do not believe in him. Thus they do not believe, because they have not seen, much like a unicorn, or dragon for example. A strong atheist would say, There is no God, period. Strong atheists do not disbelieve, but rather flat out deny the existance of God. An agnostic would say, I do not know if god exists or not. Agnosticism (a=lack of, nosis=knowledge). Agnostics feel that you cannot deny, nor confirm the existance of God and that it cannot be proven, which makes them similar to weak atheists.

What a person believes does not change God. For example because Agnostics dont believe God exists it does not prevent Gods existence. If you have not made a choice about Gods existence he will treat you as though you dont believe in Him. Which means you must face the full judgement of God.

Here is Gods opinion of Agnostics I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were either one or the other! So, because you are lukewarm neither hot nor cold I am about to spit you out of my mouth. (Revelations 15,16) Dont think that God is going to let you off just because you are a fence-sitter.

Now Thomas, one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus came. So the other disciples told him, We have seen the Lord, but he said to them, Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it. A week later his disciples were in the house again, and Thomas was with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, Peace be with you! Then he said to Thomas, put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe. Thomas said to him, My Lord and my God! Then Jesus told him, Because you have seen me, you have believed; Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed. (John 04 �). AS people who are living 000 years after Jesus death and resurection, we do not get to witness this event with our own eyes. We are forced to rely upon the reports of others who were there. In the same way, we rely upon the reports of others to prove the existence of histoircal figures, such as Napolean. Thre is much more reliable evidenc eabout the death and resurrection of Jesus than the evidence that Napolean ever existed! (www.christiananswers.net) I challenge you to disprove the resurrection, because I have faith in the evidence! . Now faith is being sure of what we hope for, and certain of what we do not see (Heews 111).

Most atheists are weak atheists. So what do i consider myself? I lean towards being a strong atheist being that I deny any existance of God based on universal facts and evidence. What is my evidence? Reality mostly. Lets take the christian (and Jewish) God of Yahweh for example. He is supposed to be the perfect god. The definition of perfect is, complete, having no defect or fault, imperfect, flawless. If something is perfect, it is complete and needs nothing else. So how then did this perfect god create such imperfect humans? If something is perfect, nothing imperfect can come from it. Therefor, a perfect God who creates imperfect humans, is not possible. Humans were supposed to have been Gods crown of his creation, created in his image. However, these humans spoiled the original perfection by choosing to disobey god. The only imperfection, is the God who created them. The chrisitans objection to this arguement is Freewill. That humans chose evil, and God had no control over this decision. This arguement is weak, considering that God is omnipotent, so the assumption that freewill is necessary for happiness is not true. Why would God create beings capable of ruining their own happiness? Not possible. Why didnt God create humans who did not have the ability to choose from evil, but maybe several good options?

God did create perfect people (Genesis 11). As said, perfect can also mean complete, referring to our complete and perfect relationship with God, not tainted by sin. Imperfection occurred when Adam and Eve ate from the tree of good and evil (Genesis -7). Verse 4 and 5 says, You will not surely die, the serpent said to the woman. For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil. God is perfect, not naive. He knows good and evil, and he chooses good God is light. In Him there is no darkness at all. (1 John 15). We gained the knowledge of good and evil after we were created, but we choose evil. God knew that we would choose evil if we gained this knowledge, and therefore die. (see Genesis 1 16,17) He did give us several good options an entire garden full of them with one tree leading to knowledge, which we chose to use for evil. If the tree of good and evil had not been placed in the garden, then we would be a slave to God; we would have no choice to either obey or disobey him. God is omnipotent. He is all knowing. He knew even before He created us that we would rebel against him. So why did he bother to create us at all, if he would be so grieved by us? (Genesis 66) The answer to that is Gods love. We were not created because God needed us for anything, because He is perfect. We were created because Gods love is so good that he wanted to share it with us. Even after we ate from the tree, God still provided for us by giving us clothes to wear (Genesis 1). So God knew that we would be disobediant, but he planned for us to be reconciled to Him so we could share in this love, even before creation (John 11-4). God made us perfect. He knew that we would become imperfect, so He gave us Jesus so we could be perfect again.

God is supposed to be all knowing, be able to see the future. Why didnt he see his own imperfection? You would think he would have known that it would have been better if humans werent born (The bible even says that in Genesis 66). If god is a compassionate being, then why did he create humans which he knows are doomed to suffer? See above… Why make the imperfect humans he created suffer in hell forever for sins that occur in such a short lifetime? That is unjust. Christians believe that people that do not believe in and accept the gospel of Jesus, will perish in eternal fire. It seems that this person has the hollywood idea of Hell, of fire and a guy dressed in a red suit with horns, hooves and a big fork. Hell is actually separation from God, where sinners will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of the Lord and from the majesty of His power. ( Thessalonians 1) This is not an Adam Sandler movie, this is reality! What about those people around the world who never heard the Gospel of Jesus? Or those who were raised in different cultures and different religions? No just God would ever judge a man by his beliefs, rather than his actions. How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they had not heard? (Romans 1014). God acknowledges that people who have not heard the gospel can not be expected to believe it. It is not clear in the Bible how God will judge these people, however God is just and loving and merciful. According to the bible, god experiences emotions (anger, sadness, happiness, ect.). A god who knows everything and knows the future cannot have emotions. We humans experience emotions from the element of surprise and new knowledge. For instance, a man who has a wife who is cheating on him will experience anger and sadness only after he has found out. Since god is omniscient and ignorant of nothing, there is no surprise, or new knowledge gained to which he would react emotionally. Humans show anger when something is wrong and cannot be fixed. God is perfect, can fix anything, therefor would have no anger. It is not possible for God to have emotion. When an event does not surprise you, it does not mean that it does not result in an emotional reaction. I know that you are going to die one day. It wont surprise me when it happens, especially if you die of an illness which, say, gives you two weeks to live. When you do die, I will be upset. I will have an emotional reaction, even though I am not surprised. In terms of anger have you ever gotten angry even though you can fix something? Sometimes the fact that it requires fixing is what can make us angry. God can fix stuff, but that doesnt mean that hes happy that itsoken.

One important key evidence is the dinosaurs. The bible states that the Earth was created around 6000BC and Adam was created roughly 4000BC. These theists are among the most amusing to debate with as they totally ignore any scientific evidence. Some christians believe dinosaurs never existed. Most believe that Carbon Dating on fossils is not accurate. Here is my arguement to that. Christians that believe dinosaurs never existed obviously have never been to a museum, do not believe the documentaries on TV, and are ignorant. Carbon Dating (c-14) has gotten more accurate over the years, and is more accurate than you think. It doesnt date millions of years, like many people believe, but it has successfully dated fossils to around 50,000 years old. Other testing (like Radio-metric) has confirmed rocks on earth to be millions of years old, so the idea that the earth is 6000 years old is discredited. So scientist esitmate millions of years from the rocks the fossils were found in. Scientists believe that the Earth is approximatly 4.6 BILLION years old, and even if they are off a little bit, its no where close to 6000 years. According to the bible, man and light were created on the 4th day. There was now night and day. So some christians argue that the previous three days were probably not a standard 4 hour day since God has eternal time. Even if this is true and those previous days were perhaps 6 billion years, didnt the dinosaurs need light to survive? There cannot be plantlife without light, so what about the veggie eating dinosaurs? The only explanation is that God created the Earth equipped with dinosaur fossils. Pretty amusing. Where is this from? It is not from the Bible, dont generalise it to all Christians. The word of God is what counts, not the theories of those who study it. These figures are probably reached by someone counting the genealogies found in the Old Testament. However, these do not count every generation. For instance, in Matthew, there is a record of the genealogy of Jesus Christ the son of David, the son of Aaham. (Matthew 11) David wasnt Jesus dad, and Aaham wasnt Davids dad. They skipped a few generations, and not accidentally. It is not possible to determine how often this has occurred in the Old Testament. So counting the age of the earth this way is obviously very flawed. I believe dinosaurs existed they are mentioned in the bible! See Job 4015-1, Job 41, Psalm 104. Major flaws still exist in carbon dating even though it is much more accurate than it used to be, but dont get caught up in thinking that either evolution or the bible must be true. The bible does not disprove evolution, nor does evolution disprove the bible.

. Why doesnt the bible mention anything about the rest of the universe? Many theists believe that life on Earth is the only life in the universe. Well here is a quick astronomy lesson. There are billions of stars in a Galaxy, and there are billions of Galaxies in the Universe. There are more stars (which have the potential of planets and other life) in the universe than there are grains of sand on Earth. Anyone who thinks that all that is a waste of space and there is no other life out there is just plain out ignorant. As soon as we put the bible into the trash can, maybe we can move on and advance humankind to answer these questions. Many theists believe that life on Earth is the only life in the universe? Thankyou for lumping me in with a bunch of people I have never met and not explaining the reasoning behind their conclusions! Once again, this is not from the Bible. The Scriptures do not directly address the question of alien beings. The Bible does not explicitly confirm or deny the existence of intelligent life from other planets. Although the subject is not addressed explicitly, the Bible teaches implicitly that the only things He created with intelligence are the angels, man, and the animals. It is important to maintain a focus on the central purpose of the Bible, which is not to prove or disprove the presence of extraterrestrial life, but the death and resurrection of Jesus to save us from our sins.

Bible Contradictions

Ah, the bible. The highest selling book in the world. Also, the most confusing and contradictory book. In the bible, God assures his people that sons shall not be punished for the sins of their fathers. The same God who afflicted thousands of his innocent people with plague and death to punish their evil King David for taking a census??? ( Samuel 415). The same God who killed Davids newborn son because of his own sins? ( Samuel 115,18). What about (1 Kings 1) Ahabs son? The same God who allowed humans to slaughter his son (Jesus) because the perfect God botched his own creation? What the hell is that? Death is inevitable. Why does thousands of people dying simultaneously because of a plague or a war give us an excuse to label God as less loving than when they die individually over several years? God does not rejoice in death. Read the first story and see the references to His grief. It is interesting to note that the reference is not given for the authors initial statement. Where is it from? In the second story, David himself states that he should have received four times the punishment. (see Samuel 1 1-18) For the third story, Ahabs son was just as evil as his father. As such, he was punished for his own sins. God simply knew this would be (see 1 Kings 51-5). Make sure you read the whole story! If you consider God allowing Jesus to be slaughtered due to imperfection in the world to be a vile and reprehensible act, perhaps you should treat what He did with more respect and stop denying that it even occurred. It was either a terrible thing (although with a purpose) that happened, or it didnt happen and as such you cannot judge Gods character based upon it.

There are hundreds of contradictions in the bible, including matters of history. Too many too list. Theists will argue that bible contradictions are simply out of context. Wether they are or not discredits the word of God. What goes for one chapter, should go for another. And those of you theists who believe this, listen to your preacher next time at church as everything he says is out of context. Everything he says is out of context? I highly doubt that. Not to mention that each and every Christian leader that I listen to encourages me to open my bible and read along with them, to get context! They encourage me to go home and read the passages provided in more depth and think about what they have said. If they were relying onainwashing and me blindly accepting what they said out of context, would they do this? Has anything you have ever said been taken out of context? Did that change the intentions you had when you said it? When I told someone drugs were good because they had a cold, and that became generalised to all drugs, did context become important? Was it important to know that I hate illegal drugs, that I have known people who have died of a drug overdose, that I was referring to cold & flu tablets? Of course! You cannot say that because the bible requires context to be understood properly that makes it less Godly. Everything requires context to be understood to its fullest.

Almost all religions claim that they have only one God, but the bible contradicts itself MANY times saying otherwise. Click Here Well, I clicked. The references are mainly to other gods in terms of nonexistent gods. The gods that the people worshipped in vain, otherwise known as idols. Read Isaiah 44-0 for a description of where these idols come from and how much power they actually have. All other references to multiple gods can be attributed to the concept of the Trinity. That is, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit united in what is commonly referred to as the Godhead (ie. God). These three parts of the trinity are not separate gods, they are the one and only God. Perhaps if the author recognised the importance of context he would have realised this.

Noahs Ark

This is one of the most fascinating tales of literature out of the bible. Basically, God was angry at the fact that he screwed up his own creation and he wanted to destroy it but flooding the earth, destroying all (Genesis 617) because the humans he created filled the earth with violence and corruption. He gave Noah the opportunity to build an ark and save of each living flesh, one male, one female. Noah is told to make an ark that is 450 feet long. The largest wooden ships ever built were just over 00 feet, and they required diagonal iron strapping for support. Even so, they leaked so badly that they had to be pumped constantly. Are we to believe that Noah, with no shipbuilding knowledge and no shipbuilding tradition to rely upon, was able to construct a wooden ship that was longer than any that has been built since? But not only was the ark too big to be seaworthy, it was far too small to be able to contain the earths millions of plant and animals species, not to mention the 18 inch window he made for ventilation. Did Noah have a degree in zoology and anatomy that he could determine the sex of all these creatures? Anyhow, he gave Noah 7 days to get all those pairs (some in sevens) of animals onto the ark. Wow, Noah must have been sweating his nuts off to be able to get those animals at a rate of 100 per second on there (being that there are over a millon species). What a talented guy. He must have gotten in great shape after this. No wonder he lived to be 50 years old (Genesis ). This will be a great story to tell my kids. If you are over the age of 10, and still believe this, grow up please. Please refer to this site. It has lots of great stats and explanations of the christian view of the questions raised. I challenge you to find the flaws in this theory, to go so far as to disprove it, then I promise you Ill grow up. http//www.christiananswers.net/q-eden/edn-c01.html

Other Impossibilities in the Bible

Aside from Noahs ark not being possible humanly, nor logical, there are so many more. In Exodus (15,7), the Israelite population went from 70 to several million (Exodus 17) in just a few hundred years. They must have been screwing like rabbits and having octuplets to achieve such a goal (even that falls way short). In Exodus 15 the population is stated as 70. In Exodus 17, the population is stated as 600,000 plus women and children. The author is therefore assuming there were many millions of women and children accompanying these 600,000 men, a fairly big assumption. There is also mention of many other people going with them (v.8). In verse 40-41 the time between the 70 people and the 600,000 people is stated as being 40 years. This is plenty of time for the Israelites to reproduce to such numbers, not an impossibility at all.

In Genesis (1811-14), Aahams wife (Sarah) is 0 years old and way past menopause, yet God tells her that her husband will return to impregnate her. Someone please show me a 0 year old capable of having children, and i will change my entire way of thinking. The Bible does not deny the age of Sarah. In 1811 it is said that Aaham and Sarah were already old and well advanced in years, and Sarah was past the age of childbearing. When God tells them that He still intends to keep His promise of giving them descendants, Sarah actually laughs, and God says, Is anything too hard for the Lord? (v.14) She was too old to have children. That is the whole point! God is all-powerful, nothing is too hard for Him, and He keeps His promises even when it seems impossible for Him to do so.

Oh, and be sure to check out Gods cure for leprosy (Leviticus 14-) Get two birds. Kill one. Dip the live bird in the blood of the dead one. Sprinkle the blood on the leper seven times, and then let the blood-soaked bird fly off. Next find a lamb and kill it. Wipe some of its blood on the patients right ear, thumb, and big toe. Sprinkle seven times with oil and wipe some of the oil on his right ear, thumb and big toe. Repeat. Finally kill a couple doves and offer one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. Hmm...I am curious as to why the MDT (Multi drug therapy) to cure it, doesnt involve any of this. Amazing how these people could do these things thousands of years ago. This is how people were told to deal with sin ( in this case sickness) in the Old testament. It was not meant to be a doctors solution to the problem, but instead shows them the seriousness of sin. I read this and think Jesus, while most people would probably think that this is a load of crap. These practises were a shadow of what was to be fulfilled in the reality of Jesus. The reason that blood needed to be shed can be explained as follows. God is the sustainer of all life, He created us. If we are separated from God, by our sin, then we are also cut off from the life that God gives. The consequence of sin is death. The Bible talks about life being in the blood of animals. The whole sacrificing deal is simply the transferral of punishment from one being to another. Therefore, this requires the innocent being (namely the animal) to die, while we get forgiveness of the sin and consequently life. So why dont we practise sacrifices now? The animal sacrifices were imperfect, they didnt cover all sins nor did they last forever. Jesus is the perfect sacrifice. His death has covered all of our sins and the forgiveness that comes will last forever.

Women and The Bible

One thing that is very amusing about the bible, is that it is anti-woman. Most women refuse to accept this. Let me give you an example...I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalting forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.--Genesis 16. What self-respecting woman today would submit willingly to such tyranny? That is what God said to Eve after discovering that she had eaten the forbidden fruit. Adam didnt get off scott-free. God said to him, Cursed is the grounds because of you; through painful toil you will eat of it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of yourow you will eat your food until you return to the ground. (Genesis 17-1) Yeah, that anti-woman sentiment is shining through there!

In Leviticus 151-0, God lays down the law on menstruating women. Such women are to God both filthy and sinful, and anyone who comes near them is contaminated by them. Read the first part of chapter 15 and you will find some lovely detail of how men with discharge were treated. There is no inequality here.

In Ezekiel 4-7, God sends a man clothed with linen to mark the foreheads of the men who will be saved. Apparently only men are considered good enough to keep, the others (unmarked men, maids, little children, and women) are to be slaughtered. God says hell fill the courts with the slain and will have pity on no one. This was not a real-life event, it was a vision/dream. It is believed to prophesise the Exile in Daniel 11-4. In real life, nobody was slaughtered, they were simply left behind. In the prophecy, God says, the sin of the house of Israel and Judah is exceedingly great; the land is full of bloodshed and the city is full of injustice. They say, The Lord has forsaken the land; the Lord does not see. So I will not look on them with pity or spare them, but I willing down on their own heads what they have done. (Ezekiel -10) It makes the point of consequences in rejecting God.

Women, be sure to keep the tokens of your virginity. Otherwise the men of your city may stone you to death (Deuteronomy 1-1). The point of such acts is that the people must purge the evil from Israel. (v.). This is not something that occurs in our times, as Jesus provides the means for making us holy, or purging us from sin. If you read the rest of chapter , you will find that many similar instances are described in which men may be stoned to death also for acts which are deemed sexually immoral, generally involving sleeping with someone who is engaged or married to someone else. The treatment of men and women in these cases is equal and just. It is even mentioned that if a man and woman sleep together in a field when the woman is engaged to someone else, only the man will be punished, because nobody would have been able to hear the woman screaming for help. The Bible lays down rules which protect women from being taken advantage of by men and recognises the differences between the genders while loving each.

Dont dare wear any of you boyfriends/husbands clothing, or you will be an abomination to God (Deuteronomy 5). Read the rest of the verse. I dont know how he missed this one. It goes like this a woman must not wear mens clothing, nor a man wear womens clothing, for the Lord your God detests anyone who does this. This rule is not exclusive to women! In terms of the actual rule, remember the context the culture and the time in which this was written is significant.

The bible is anti-woman, blaming women for sin, demanding subservience, mandating a slave/master relationship to men, and demonstrating contempt and lack of compassion. But as i said, women refuse to believe this because they CHOOSE not to believe it. I am not ashamed of the Gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes. (Romans 116)

The Bible and Abortion

This seems to be a very touchy subject and i have debated about it many times with christians. Their side is that the bible Thou shalt not kill. justifies the abortion issue. Ok, this is a quick and easy way to end a discussion if you are a theist. Depending of course, who you are debating with. The truth of the fact is, the bible says NOTHING about abortion. According to the bible, life begins at birth--when a baby draws its firsteath. The bible defines life aseath in several significant passages, including the story of Adams creation in Genesis 7, when Godeathed into his nostrils theeath of life; and man became a living soul. Jewish law traditionally considers that personhood begins at birth. Desperate for a biblical basis for their beliefs, some antiabortionists cite obscure passages, usually metaphors or poetic phrasing, such as Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me. Psalm 515 This is sexist, but does nothing other than to invoke original sin. It says nothing about abortion.Thou shalt not kill. does not justify abortion in any way, and i will explain why. Many antiabortionists quote the sixth commandment, Thou shalt not kill (Ex. 01) as evidence that the bible is antiabortion. They fail to investigate the bibles definition of life (eath) (where is this from? Theeath of life is mentioned in Genesis 7, but in Leviticus 1711 it is stated that the life of a creature is in the blood. So which is it? It must also be considered that at the time when the bible was written the term zygote was not in existence. It cannot be expected that the bible contain detailed descriptions of the reproduction process and therefore when exactly life begins.) or its deafening silence on abortion. Moreover, the Mosaic law in Exodus 1-5, directly following the Ten Commandments, makes it clear that an emyo or fetus is not a human being. (read this bit major misinterpretation how is it saying that a fetus is not a human being?) The Commandments, Moses, Jesus and Paul ignored every chance to condemn abortion. (What chances is he talking about? To my knowledge, there was never a time when someone asked a question or mentioned abortion to any of these guys and they chose to ignore it. What is he on about?) If God is Omniscient, and knew abortion was going to be an important concern, why didnt the bible say so?Belief that a human being exists at conception is a matter of faith, not fact. There is no doubt that the zygote is biologically alive. It fulfills the four criteria needed to establish biological life (1) metabolism, () growth, () reaction to stimuli, and (4) reproduction. (There is cell reproduction and twinning, a form of asexual reproduction, which can occur after conception.) (http//www.christiananswers.net/q-sum/q-life-all1.html) Legislating antiabortion faith would be as immoral and unAmerican as passing a law that all citizens must attend Catholic mass! The bible does not condemn abortion; but even if it did, we live under a secular constitution, not in a theocracy. The separation of church and state, the right to privacy, and womens rights all demand freedom of choice. The American and Australian states are biblically based. Examples of that can be seen on the American currency, which bears the phrase in God we trust. The entire third verse of the Australian National Anthem is based around God. You cannot link religion and politics only when it suits politics.

God is cruel & a murderer

One wonders how people can support and worship a God like the one in the bible. He is unbelievably murderous and cruel, particularly in the Old Testament. The Lord is a man of war. (Exodus 15). Boy, this is an understatement. Genesis 74 when he opened the heavens and washed out the earth for forty days and seven nights (oh by the way, in 74 it clearly states it was 150 days) it rained for forty days and forty nights, but the waters receded after 150 days. The stuff doesnt just disappear from the ground as soon as its stops falling out of the sky! and every living substance was destroyed (7) except for those that Noah took on the Ark. How did the entire world disobey God and deserve his wrath, i still havent gotten an answer for. Well, lets look at Gods most important commandment Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul and mind. If you have everoken this, even once whether in deed or thought, then you have disobeyed God and deserve his wrath. God is just, he is not going to let a small sin slip by, yet punish a big sin. The issue is not how big the sin, but the fact that you have been disobedient towards God.

Even better, in Exodus 0, any man that worship any other God is destroyed.This is talking about purging the evil in Israel. So much for freedom of religion. Isreal the nation was formed on a covenant between God and the people (Exodus 47). They were fully aware of the consequences of their choices within this covenant. Children who curse their parents, adulterers, and homosexuals must be killed (Leviticus 0-1). Numbers is a good scripture of massacre. Chapter 16 of Numbers God buries alive Korah and his family. God burns to death 50 men. God kills 14,700 with a plague. In Numbers 5, God kills 4,000 (,000 according to 1-Corinthians 108) in a plague. (Deuteronomy 171-1) Need we remind the you that without God, Israel would have died in slavery at the hand of the Egyptians? Any man who doesnt listen to a priest, will die. Even those priests who are corrupted and priests who molest children? Where is this from?! The priests in the Old Testament act as a mediator between God and the people, so what they said was (in essence) the word of God. But the priests today are not our mediator. Instead, our mediator is Jesus Christ. So today we fully obey the teachings of Jesus Christ, who is the final revelation of God. Finally, in 1-Kings 1410-1, God promises toing evil upon the house of Jerobaom and says he will cut off anyone that pisseth against the wall. In newer versions this refers to males, not to anyone that pisseth against the wall. God further explains that after he kills them, their dead bodies will be eaten by dogs (if they are city dwellers) or fowls (if they are country folk). These are just a few of the HUNDREDS of cruel and sadistic things God has done in the bible. Dogs and fowls are scavengers, and dwell in the city and country, repectively. It is only common sense that the dead corpses will be eaten by the scavengers. This is a natural process, in much the same way as worms eat coffins and corpses in cemeteries. Is such a sick, twisted, sadistic God worthy of worship? I guess Yes would be the answer if you believe in this and fear it (which goes to show many people do believe because they fear). Faith based on fear is no faith at all. Fear based on faith is what God commands.

Conclusion

My purpose of this page wasent to insult or hurt any person that believes in a deity or any kind of religion. I have my opinions, you have yours. Mine are more realistic while yours are more spiritual. Reality without faith in God is denying yourself of true reality. I have chosen reality because it gives evidence and a clear mind. Sprituality is fantasy and tends to give a false sense of security. The problem with theists is that they were born into a family and a religion and in most cultures, forbidden to change. This is true. Most people who call themselves religious are purely traditionalists. However, the large amount of people who have accepted Christ as Lord and Saviour, without any family history of Christianity, is astounding! They are immediatly poisoned with religious ways they encounter from their parents. However once a person reaches a certain age, they begin to open their mind to other possiblities. I only wish there were more people who would do that. How can someone really say that they believe in God if they have not questioned God at some stage? I know that one of the reasons is that people fear the consequences which were told to them. I, on the other hand, would rather live my life with a clear mind then in fear. I dont need God and religion to give me moral and tell me the difference between wrong and right. I have tried the word of God, and found it to be a bunch of hopeless prayers. Christianity is not a quick-fix. It is about having a relationship with the living God, who enables us to live life to the fullest! Turn on the news sometime, watch innocent people get harmed and hurt for what? Surley those who are innocent and obey the word of God should be privliaged in some way. Religious buffs answer to this is God made it that way, and thats the way it is. Thats just a big excuse and cop-out for not knowing the real reasoning. It also seems that everytime you turn on the news, you hear about priests getting in trouble with the law (mostly due to child molestation). Not even a week ago, a priest from a catholic church down here in Miami was arrested for soliciting to a MALE undercover cop. Excuse me? Arent these supposed to be our Fathers? Dont they help everyone follow the rules of God and get people closer to God? This is an all too common example of the fallen world that we live in. WE live in a world where injustice is commonly seen, and we look at it and question the existence of God. The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance. ( Peter ) Every injustice that we see should be a vivid reminder of ouroken relationship with God, and the need for us to be reconciled back to Him. God will come and judge us all. If you dont have Christ as your Saviour, then God will judge you justly. God is light; in him there is no darkness at all. (1 John 15)

DISCLAIMER

To all Theists... I have nothing wrong with the belief system. If i choose to believe in an invisible pink unicorn, than thats my choice. But you would think that was ludicrous (probably because you dont think they exist). Then you would know how exactly i feel towards your beliefs. You spend your whole lives looking for eternal salvation, when you havent even begun to live your current life. There are many things to discover in this universe. The answers to eternal salvation can only come when you are finished. So i suggest waiting till then. If there is a God, and God is a compassionate God, then he will not punish you for your lack of belief, but rather your actions (if you were a bad boy or girl). I am not trying to end organized religion, i am just trying to open peoples mind to the other side of the ball. Oh by the way, if you didnt catch that whole invisible pink unicorn thing, an invisible unicorn cannot be pink, and it shows that you do not read between the lines and catch everything your read. Try doing it to the bible sometime, and you will catch its flaws.

A famous Christian book The Bible, THE Word of God Some famous atheist quotes

Atheists do look for answers to existence itself. They just dont make them up Teller from Penn & teller.

Faith is believing in something you know aint true. Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)

The insperation of the bible depends on the ignorance of the person who reads it. Robert G. Ingersoll

To hate man, and worship God seems to be the sum of all creeds. Robert G. Ingersoll

If people are good only because they fear punishment, and hope for reward, then we are a sorry lot indeed. Albert Einstein

When the Gods wish to punish us, they answer our prayers. Oscar Wilde

All religions have been made by men. Napoleon Bonapart

Religion is excellent stuff for keeping the common people quiet. Napoleon Bonapart

Millions of Men, women, and children, since the introduction of Christianity, have been burnt, tortured, fined, imprisoned, yet we have not advanced one inch towards uniformity. Thomas Jefferson

I was born a Heretic. I always distrust people who know so much about what God wants them to do to their fellows. Susan B. Anthony

All thinking men are Atheists. Ernest Hemingway

Belief in a cruel God, makes a cruel man. Thomas Paine

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