east africa

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Invadeditain, Germany, Italy

Trade with Island of Zanzibar.

No plans to expand further- man on spot was main reason. (Sir William Mc Kinnon, who built fortune in shipping trade)

He believed that territory had great potential.

itain was interested in this!!

International pressure- Karl Peter, German explorer agreed. 1884 he founded German East Africa Company, signed treaties with local rulers in Tanganyika- received official backing by Bismarch (German Chancellor)

Soitain offered some support to their man Mc Kinnon.

As a result the territory was divided by diplomatic agreement sphere of influence between 1885 and 185.

Germany took Tanganyika.

itain expanded in Uganda, Kenya, Zanzibar and Pemba.

Prior to the partitionitain had no plans to expand but they were interested in trade. However expansion took place through international pressure in supporting their man on spot.

West Africa- Economical reasons.

itain lost interest when slave trade out lawed.

Remained interested due to trade in palm oil, which was used an industrial luicant and fortune manufacture of soap.

George Goldie lending palm oil supplier- established monopoly through his company (United African Company)

Expansion in sierra Leone & Gold coast were without government approval.

International pressureitish got worried about King Leopalds ambitions.

So they signed treaty with Portugal 1884, giving them access to Congo river.

1884, European representatives meet to decide boundaries about trade. Treaty signed 1885- all agreed on free trade in Congo basin.

French took most of the territory, created French West Africa Company.

itain gained a monopoly on palm oil, trade on Niger river created Nigeria.

itains basic interest, reason for expansion was economic- palm oil. However international pressure from the French and German pushed them into annexing further.

North Africa

Egypt

1880- no plans for expansion.

Expanded due to international pressure.

Man on spot Stephen Cove-itish treasury official was sent to make investigations on Egypts financial state.

His report was that the continent suffers from the ignorance, dishonesty and waste. He also said that he blamed Egypts economic crisis in poor economic management.

1878- French government officials anditish financial experts would like control of the economy.

French would look after government expenditure

itish would raise revenue Dual economic control- ended 188.

Changes within Africa interacted with European desire

188 an Egyptian nationalist movement under Arabi Pasha- wanted an end to the Ottoman dominance. They wanted Anglo French control of their economy.

Law & order had collapsed- an opportunity presented it when nationalist riots in Alexandria led deaths of 50 Europeans on the 11 June.

itish army invaded October 188, rebellion crushed, Arabi Pasha was exiled to Ceylonitain became the government of Egypt. They ended Anglo French dual control.itain stayed until Egypt became independent in 1.

South Africa

Fortune made from diamond mining.

Influenced by views of Man on spot (Cecil Rhodes. Influenceditish govt to get good land)

He entered 1870- developed ideas for expansion.

Changes in Africa interacted with expansion.

The Transvaal were frightened by Zulus so the calleditain to help.

1877itish control of Transvaal- Zulus were next.

They could disband (separate out) their large armies or faceitish army!

They were finally defended in 187 after struggle.

Gold & diamonds were discovered in Cape colony.

International pressure from Germany who in 1884 declared South west Africa a protectorate.itain responded by doing the same to Botswana.

Cecil Rhodes was the main cause of expansion, then Germany got involved which triggereditish interest in order to complete, later on the Gold & diamonds were discovered.

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