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the beginning of World War 2

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At dayeak on the first day of September, 1, the residents


of Poland awakened to grave news. A juggernaut force of tanks, guns,


Online essay help on the beginning of World War 2 and countless grey-clad soldiers from nearby Germany had torn across


the countryside and were making a total invasion of the Poles


homelands. Germanys actions on that fateful morning ignited a


conflict that would spread like a wildfire, engulfing the entire globe


in a great world war. This scenario is many peoples conception of


how World War II came about. In reality, the whole story is far more


detailed and complex. The origins of war can be traced as far back as


the end of the first World War in 11, when the Treaty of Versailles


placed responsibility for that terrible war squarely on Germany.


Years later, in the Far East, Japanese ambition for territory led the


nation to invade Manchuria and other parts of nearby China, causing


hostilities to flare in the Pacific Rim. Greatitain, the United


States, and many other nations of the world would all be drawn into


battle in the years to come, and each nation had its own reason for


lending a hand in the struggle.


Although Germany was the major player in World War II, the


seeds of war had already been planted in the Far East years before


conflict in Europe. On September 18, 11, the powerful Japanese


military forces began an invasion of the region known as Manchuria, an


area belonging to mainland China. This actionoke non-aggression


treaties that had been signed earlier. It also was carried out by


Japanese generals without the consent of the Japanese government. In


spite of this, no one was ever punished for the actions. Soon after


the assault on China, the Japanese government decided it had no choice


but to support the occupation of Manchuria. By the next year the


region had been completely cut off from China (Ienaga 60-64). Because


of the Japanese offensive in China, the League of Nations held a vote


in October to force Japan out of the captured territory. The vote was


passed, 1 to 1, but Japan remained in control of Manchuria. A second


vote, taken in Feuary, 1, a formal disapproval of the Japanese


occupation, was passed 4 to 1. Instead of expelling Japan from the


area of Manchuria, it caused the nation to formally withdraw its


membership in the League of Nations the next month (Ienaga 66).


Now unrestrained by the recommendations of the League of


Nations, Japan continued its intrusion onto Chinese soil. By 17


Japan had moved military forces into Beijing, Shanghai, and Nanjing,


as well as other regions of China. By 140, Japanese seizure of


territory had spread to deep inside Southeast Asia and even parts of


Australia (Sutel et al). Also in 140, the Triparte Pact was signed,


allying Japan, Germany, and Italy into a powerful force that stretched


halfway around the planet. The association with Hitler and Germany


unified the war in the Pacific and the war in Europe. Japan was now


fully involved in what came to be known as World War II. As warfare


raged in the Pacific Rim, a chain of events was unfolding that would


produce catastrophic results. The Treaty of Versailles of 11 held


Germany fully accountable for the tragedy of World War I. The nation


was stripped of large areas of land, its armaments, as well as its


dignity. In addition, the reparations that were to be paid to the


allied nations virtually destroyed the economy of Germany. The


resentment of the treaty burned in the hearts and minds of Germans for


years afterward. In 1, a man by the name of Adolf Hitler was


elected Chancellor of Germany after working his way up the ladder of


government. By speaking against the Treaty of Versailles and making


promises of a better life to the German people, Hitler gained the


support of his fellow countrymen, and he easily won the election.


Almost immediately after Hitler took office he began securing his


position in power. Hitler took steps to eliminate all opposition,


including political parties and anyone else who spoke out against him.


The death of President Hindenburg in 14 clinched his high standing,


and he in effect became dictator of Germany. Hitler held the titles


of Head of State, Commander in Chief of German military forces,


Chancellor, and Chief of the Nazi Party (Elliott 57). There was no


question of his supremacy. With his empire established, Hitler took


steps to rearm Germany, leading the nation down the road to war. In


violation of the Treaty of Versailles and a naval treaty signed with


Greatitain, Hitler rebuilt the nations army and naval forces. By


15 the ranks of the army had swelled to over 500,000 and production


of arms and ammunition had resumed (7). Also, the Rhineland, a


region in western Germany next to France, was reoccupied by military


units. This region had been demilitarized after World War I, and the


Treaty of Versailles forbade occupation of the area. In spite of the


violations of treaty after treaty, little was done by the world powers


to control the renewed German militarism.


With the stage now set, Hitler set his plan for conquest into


motion. Beginning in 18, Hitler used threats and political


maneuvering to overthrow the government of nearby Austria. His next


target was Czechoslovakia. In March of 1, the nation was overtaken


after Hitler threatened a bombing of Prague if his army met resistance


on its invasion of the country (80). With the conquest of Europe


well underway and his reich expanding rapidly, Hitlers power and


influence was growing greater each day. He now planned to add Poland


to his list of accomplishments and further extend the German empire.


The threat of Russia backing the Poles to defend against an attack was


neutralized when Germany and Russia signed a nonaggression pact saying


that the two nations would not go to war. Greatitain sternly


warned Germany that an attack on Poland would be considered an act of


war. Hitler fearlessly ignored the warnings, and his operation swung


into action. In the early morning hours of September 1, 1, German


forces mobilized and swarmed into Poland. The old-fashioned Polished


cavalry was devastated in the assault, as they stood no chance against


the mighty Panzer tanks that rolled through the country with


frightening speed. Two days after the attack,itain and France


joined in a declaration of war against Germany. Their belated


reactions, however, could not save the army of Poland. In a battle


that raged for nearly a month, the Polish army was eventually cornered


in the capital city of Warsaw. After autal siege of the city, the


valiant countrymen of Poland had no choice but to surrender to the


overwhelming German force. The point of no return had been crossed,


and Europe had fallen into the clutches of war for the second time in


the century. Greatitain still remembered the horrors of World War


I, and when Germany began to renew its sense of militarism,itain


was hesitant to start another war. Instead of using force, the


itish leaders, including prime minister Neville Chamberlain, sought


a diplomatic solution to conflicts. When Germanys ambitions were to


capture the area known as Sudentland, in Czechoslovakia, Chamberlain


held several meetings with Hitler and other nations, desperately


trying to prevent an armed conflict with Germany. Chamberlain


believed that by granting Hitlers demands, he could avoid a war with


Germany (Elliot 7-74). He was sorely mistaken. Even after all the


negotiation and bargaining, Hitlers forces eventually overtook the


entire nation of Czechoslovakia by force.


When it became clear that Hitler next planned an invasion of


Poland, Greatitain had no choice but to issue a threat of war if


Germany went through with the operation. The threat was simply


disregard, and the attack on Poland was carried out as planned. On


September third, 1, two days after the Polish invasion began,


Chamberlain gave a speech in which he finally stated that, This


country is at war with Germany...(Wernick 8). The joint


declaration of war on Germany with France became official the same


day. In spite of efforts to avoid combat, the fears of theitish


people had come true on that day.


The United States of America, like Greatitain, had hoped to


avoidinging the horrors of war to its people. For many years


after the development of tensions in Europe and the Far East, the


leaders of the U.S. had done nearly everything possible to remain


neutral. For them, too, the memories of World War I were still fresh


in mind. Although the U.S. did participate in such affairs as the


temporary peace treaty that prevented the capture of Shanghai by the


Japanese, the U.S. was determined to prevent the need for its troops


to be placed in the way of danger(Ienaga 66). And so it would have


remained, if it were not for one incident that would change the lives


of many in the United States.


The morning of Sunday, December 7, 141 began as any other day


in Pearl Harbor, a U.S. naval base in Hawaii. At 74, the Japanese


fleet of carriers that had been making its way toward the Hawaiian


Islands sprang into action. Wave after wave of Japanese aircraft


screamed into the harbor and pounced on the American fleet as it sat


helpless (Ienaga 16). No one saw the attack coming, so defense to


theutal assault was minimal. In the aftermath of the carnage, the


final tallies shocked the nation. Five U.S. battleships and ten


warships had been destroyed, and three more battleships were severely


damaged. The human death toll was also high. Over ,400 American


soldiers were slaughtered in the strike.


Franklin D. Roosevelt wasted no time in reacting to the attack


on Pearl Harbor. By the afternoon of December 7th, Roosevelt had


ordered protection for Washington D.C., major cities along the western


coast, majoridges, and dozens of other security precautions in the


event of another wave of enemy aggression (Bailey 0). The next day,


Roosevelt delivered a speech to congress asking for a declaration of


war. The beginning of the speech would become famous in American history.


Yesterday, December 7, 141 - a date which will live in


infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately


attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan... () Less


than an hour after Roosevelt gave his powerful speech, congress voted


to declare war on Japan. The declaration was signed by Roosevelt


himself at 410 that afternoon (). In the space of only two days,


the United states had gone from a neutral spectator to a major


participant in World War II.


The United States, Greatitain, Germany, and Japan were four


of the largest countries that became heavily involved in the second


world war. But, many more nations played smaller roles in the event.


For instance, Italy was an ally of Germany and Japan, having signed


the Triparte Pact in 140. But, the Italians were less than essential


to Hitlers domination of Europe, and Benito Moussolini, dictator of


Italy, suffered many humiliating defeats at the hands of the allies


(Keegan et al).


Another country that played a role in the war in Europe was


the U.S.S.R. Once considered neutral in the war because of a


nonaggression treaty with Germany, the Soviet Union was drawn into the


fighting on June , 141, when the German offensive code-named


Operation Barbarossa began. The German forces planned to attack the


Soviets at three points - Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad, and was


expected to be completed in 6 weeks. The Russians proved tenacious,


however, and defended their capital and country with great effort,


eventually halting the German advance.


France was a third major European state that was caught up in


the chaotic beginnings of World War II. Allied with Greatitain,


France joined in the battle of Europe after the invasion of Poland in


1. Unfortunately, Hitlers forces eventually invaded France,


ending their ability to fend off the attacks of the Axis powers.


Germanys invasion of Poland in late 1 is considered the


major event that set World War II in motion. But, like many other


events in history, there is more to the story. Dozens of smaller


occurrences pushed the world closer and closer to theink of war


over a period of many years. The results of each of these incidents


culminated in total warfare that turned half of the world into a


battleground. Several major countries were plunged into chaos and


disorder, and the scars and horrible memories of the nightmare that


was World War II are something that can never be erased or


forgotten.


---


Works Cited


Bailey, Ronald H. The Home Front U.S.A. Morristown Silver Burdett


Co., 177.


Elliott,endan John. Hitler and Germany. New York McGraw-Hill,


168.


Ienaga, Saburo. The Pacific War, 11-145. New York Random House,


187.


Keegan, John. Who Was Who in World War II. New York Crescent, 184.


Ross, Stewart. Causes and Concequences of World War II. Austin


Steck-Vaughn, 16.


Snyder, Louis L. The War - A Consice History. New York Julian Messner


Incorporated, 160.


Some Japaneese Still Dont Get It. Wisconsin State Journal.


[Madison] 14 September 15.


Sutel, Seth. Japaneese Official Puts New Spin on World War II. The


Capital Times. [Madison] 5 June 14.


Wernick, Robert. Blitzkrieg. Morristown Silver Burdett, 177


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